Magnesium safety data sheet: what every employer must know

Last updated 2026-07-09

What is a magnesium safety data sheet and why does OSHA require it?

A safety data sheet (SDS) tells workers, emergency responders, and employers exactly what a chemical is, what it does to the human body, how it behaves under heat or water, and what to do when something goes wrong. OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, codified at 29 CFR 1910.1200, requires manufacturers and importers to prepare an SDS for every chemical that meets the criteria for a physical or health hazard. It also requires downstream employers to keep those sheets accessible to employees during every shift they might be exposed ^[1].

Magnesium qualifies under several hazard categories. As a fine powder or thin ribbon it ignites readily and burns at roughly 3,100°C (5,600°F), throwing off a blinding white light ^[2]. Even solid ingots count as flammable solids under the GHS framework. That combination of extreme heat and light, plus a violent reaction with water and some halogenated extinguishing agents, makes magnesium more dangerous than most metals a small shop handles.

The rule reaches a lot of shops. Fabricators cutting or grinding magnesium, die-casting plants, automotive machine shops, and pyrotechnic makers all need a current SDS on file and within reach. "Accessible" under 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(10) means an employee can get to the sheet immediately in an emergency, not after logging a ticket or paging a supervisor ^[1]. Paper binders in the work area and electronic systems both count, as long as nothing stands between the worker and the sheet during the workday.

The same logic covers your other flammable materials. A propane SDS is required under the identical HazCom rule, and the training obligations don't change. The SDS is the base layer of your whole hazard communication program.

What are the 16 sections of a magnesium SDS and what does each one cover?

GHS Revision 9, which OSHA references in its updated HazCom standard, sets exactly 16 sections in a fixed order ^[3]. Here is what each one holds for magnesium.

Section	Title	Key magnesium-specific content
1	Identification	Product name, CAS 7439-95-4, supplier contact, recommended use
2	Hazard identification	GHS Category 1 Flammable Solid; H228/H260 hazard statements; water-reactive warnings
3	Composition/ingredients	Elemental Mg ≥99.5% typical; alloy grades list Al, Zn, Mn additions
4	First-aid measures	Eye flushing 15+ min; skin: remove burning particles before water; inhalation: fresh air
5	Fire-fighting measures	Class D dry powder or dry sand ONLY; never water, CO2, or halons
6	Accidental release	Sweep dry; no vacuuming fine powder with a wet vac; isolate from ignition sources
7	Handling and storage	Dry conditions; keep from moisture, oxidizers, halogens
8	Exposure controls/PPE	OSHA PEL 15 mg/m³ (total) / 5 mg/m³ (respirable) as inert dust; face shield, leather gloves
9	Physical and chemical properties	Melting point 650°C; flash point N/A (solid); autoignition ~473°C for fines
10	Stability and reactivity	Reacts with water to release H2 gas; incompatible with acids, halogens, oxidizers
11	Toxicological information	Low systemic toxicity; metal fume fever possible above PEL
12	Ecological information	Not classified as environmentally hazardous at typical release volumes
13	Disposal considerations	Dispose as reactive waste; check RCRA and state regulations
14	Transport information	UN 1869 (magnesium solid); UN 2950 (magnesium granules coated)
15	Regulatory information	TSCA listed; SARA 313 reportable if facility threshold met
16	Other information	Revision date, preparer, disclaimer

Section 5 is where employers get people hurt. Water reacts with burning magnesium to release hydrogen gas and feed the fire. Carbon dioxide and halon units carry the same problem. The only right suppression agent for a small magnesium fire is dry Class D powder (Met-L-X, G-1, or dry graphite). Dry sand poured over the burning material works in a pinch ^[2]. This is not the moment to grab whatever red bottle hangs on the wall.

Section 8 rewards a careful read. OSHA's PEL for magnesium oxide fume, which forms when magnesium burns, is 15 mg/m³ as a ceiling value under 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 ^[4]. For magnesium dust treated as a nuisance particulate, the general industry PEL is 15 mg/m³ total and 5 mg/m³ respirable. NIOSH sets tighter limits and names metal fume fever as the main occupational illness. If your crew grinds or machines magnesium every day, run air monitoring. Guessing you're under the PEL is not a control.

What GHS hazard classifications apply to magnesium?

Under the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, magnesium lands in several physical hazard categories, and the exact set depends on particle size ^[3].

Flammable Solid, Category 1. This is the classification that drives daily operations. GHS Category 1 flammable solids for metal powders burn faster than 45 mm per minute, and fine magnesium clears that easily. The hazard statement is H228: "Flammable solid."

Water-reactivity shows up too. Magnesium reacts with water to release flammable hydrogen gas, which is why finer forms carry H260 and why Section 10 flags the incompatibility. Very fine powder, generally below about 50 microns, can pick up a Pyrophoric Solid classification in some formulations, meaning it ignites on contact with air. Commercial sheets from suppliers like Sigma-Aldrich list H250 ("Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air") for the finest grades.

Self-heating substance classification (Category 2) appears on some powder SDS documents where a large pile can self-ignite above 140°C.

The GHS label has to carry the flame pictogram, the signal word "Danger" for Category 1, and the matching hazard and precautionary statements. OSHA requires that the sheet on your shelf lines up with those GHS elements and that your workplace container labels reproduce the correct pictograms. A mismatch between the SDS and the label is a citable HazCom violation ^[1].

For contrast, a propane SDS carries Flammable Gas Category 1A plus simple asphyxiant and compressed gas designations. Different hazards entirely. Same 16-section structure, same training duty under 29 CFR 1910.1200.

What fire hazards does magnesium present and how do you suppress a magnesium fire?

Magnesium fires are Class D fires. Most small business owners have never touched one, and the reflex to grab a water extinguisher or a standard ABC unit can turn a small fire into an explosion.

Here's the chemistry. Water reacts with hot magnesium to make hydrogen gas and magnesium oxide, and the hydrogen ignites on the spot. Carbon dioxide reacts too at the temperatures a magnesium fire reaches. Halogenated agents break down into toxic byproducts while feeding the burn. NFPA 484, the standard for combustible metals, spells all of this out, but the shop-floor version is simple: your only options are Class D dry powder (copper-based Met-L-X or graphite-based G-1), dry sand, or dry salt ^[5].

Autoignition for magnesium powder sits around 473°C, but the ignition energy for fine powder suspended in air is tiny. A single spark can set it off. Once it's burning, magnesium runs near 3,100°C, hot enough to eat through most containers and floors.

Fire prevention in a magnesium shop comes down to a short list. Keep chips and turnings dry and collected in covered metal containers. Never let swarf pile up. Use cutting fluids rated for magnesium (most petroleum-based fluids are fine; water-based coolants need real evaluation because water plus hot magnesium is the whole problem). Keep Class D extinguishers within reach of every machining station. OSHA's portable fire extinguisher rule at 29 CFR 1910.157 covers placement and inspection, and your written hazard communication program should document those controls.

Supplier sheets also flag the reactive incompatibilities: oxidizing acids, chlorinated solvents (carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene), and fluorine compounds. Mixing waste streams or parking those chemicals next to magnesium in a cramped shop is a common and genuine risk.

What are the health hazards of magnesium exposure and what does the SDS say about them?

Metallic magnesium has low systemic toxicity next to most industrial metals. Your body actually needs magnesium as an essential mineral. The occupational worry isn't the metal on the bench. It's the fume and dust you make when you machine, grind, weld, or burn it.

Magnesium oxide fume, formed whenever magnesium climbs past about 650°C, is the main inhalation hazard. Breathing freshly made metal oxide fume causes metal fume fever, a flu-like illness of chills, fever, and muscle aches that shows up 4 to 8 hours after exposure and usually clears within 24 to 48 hours. NIOSH's pocket guide names magnesium oxide fume as the exposure form of concern and lists an REL of 10 mg/m³ as a TWA, more protective than OSHA's 15 mg/m³ ceiling ^[6].

Magnesium dust irritates eyes and the respiratory tract at high concentrations. It is not classified as a carcinogen, reproductive toxin, or sensitizer under GHS.

One hazard deserves its own paragraph: particles embedded in skin. If magnesium turnings or sparks lodge in tissue and someone flushes the wound with water, the magnesium reacts and burns the tissue from the inside. Section 4 of a well-built SDS tells responders to pick out visible magnesium particles mechanically before any water-based first aid. It's counterintuitive, and workers need that drilled into them, not filed in a binder.

Eye exposure to burning magnesium or its glare can cause photokeratitis from the intense UV and visible light. Arc welders live with this hazard, but anyone watching magnesium burn without proper shading is exposed. Plain ANSI Z87.1 safety glasses don't cut it here. A full face shield with an appropriate shade lens is the floor.

What PPE does the magnesium SDS require?

Section 8 handles exposure controls and personal protective equipment. What it recommends depends on the form of magnesium (solid ingot, fine powder, machining chips) and the job (cutting, grinding, welding, casting). There is no one PPE answer for the whole shop.

For typical machining and grinding, the standard recommendations look like this:

• Respiratory protection: a NIOSH-approved P100 particulate respirator if dust or fume might exceed the PEL. Local exhaust ventilation comes first under OSHA's hierarchy of controls; respirators are the backstop, not the plan.
• Eye and face protection: chemical splash goggles for powder handling; a full face shield with shade 3-5 lens whenever sparks or burning material are possible.
• Hand protection: leather gloves. Nitrile and latex can melt or ignite.
• Body protection: flame-resistant (FR) clothing. No synthetics, which melt onto skin.
• Foot protection: leather safety boots; steel-toed footwear for handling ingots.

OSHA's PPE standard at 29 CFR 1910.132 requires a written hazard assessment before you pick PPE, and 29 CFR 1910.134 requires a written respiratory protection program if employees wear respirators, including medical evaluation, fit testing, and training ^[7]. The SDS gives you the starting point for those assessments. It does not complete them for you.

If you're building a written program that covers magnesium alongside your other chemicals, SafetyFolio's safety program generator walks you through the hazard assessment and PPE selection documents in a structured format, no consultant on retainer.

For forklift operators moving magnesium in a warehouse or die-casting plant, PPE and training reach into forklift certification requirements under 29 CFR 1910.178. A forklift spark near magnesium dust is a live ignition source.

How do you store and handle magnesium safely according to the SDS?

Section 7 covers storage and handling, and the core rule is one word: dry. Even modest humidity speeds surface oxidation, and moisture near heat or a spark can start a fire or release hydrogen.

The storage practices pulled straight from typical sheets: store in a cool (below 25°C recommended), dry, well-ventilated spot away from oxidizers, acids, halogens, and moisture. Keep containers sealed between uses. Separate magnesium from incompatible materials by distance or a fire-rated barrier. Hold only what a single shift or production run needs in the work area.

Chips and turnings are the sharp edge of the problem. They pack far more surface area than solid stock, so they oxidize faster and ignite easier. NFPA 484 recommends storing magnesium swarf in covered, labeled metal containers and clearing it from the machining area at the end of every shift ^[5]. Wet chips are worse, not safer. If your coolant runs water-based, chips have to be dried before collection or disposed of in small amounts.

Powder gets treated as a Category 1 flammable solid at all times. Ground your containers and transfer equipment to kill static discharge. Use non-sparking tools. Never blow spills clean with compressed air; airborne dust is a deflagration waiting to happen. Skip the wet vac. If you vacuum at all, use a dry industrial unit rated for combustible dust.

OSHA's combustible dust National Emphasis Program has cited facilities for weak dust collection and housekeeping in magnesium operations. General duty clause citations under Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act are the usual mechanism when no single standard fits perfectly, and inspectors can point to your own SDS storage requirements to show what you already knew was expected ^[8].

What are your OSHA training requirements when workers use magnesium?

Training is not optional, and handing someone the SDS does not count as training. OSHA's HazCom standard at 29 CFR 1910.1200(h) requires training before a worker's first assignment to a job with hazardous chemicals and again when a new hazard shows up ^[1]. Training has to cover how to read SDS sections, what the labels mean, and the protective measures specific to the chemicals in that workplace.

For magnesium, that means the fire hazard stated plainly, the counterintuitive first aid for embedded particles (remove before water), the correct extinguisher type, and the PPE for each task. Generic HazCom training that never names magnesium or its physical forms is not compliant.

HazCom is a fixture near the top of OSHA's citation list. In fiscal year 2023 it ranked second among the top 10 most-cited standards, with 2,978 federal violations ^[9]. Most of those trace back to a missing SDS, weak labeling, or training records nobody could produce during an inspection.

Documentation carries the day. Keep a log of who was trained, when, by whom, and what was covered. If OSHA walks in after a magnesium fire, that log is the first thing they ask for.

Roles can carry different training. A machinist and a warehouse worker who handles packaged ingots don't need identical content, but both need training if either could be exposed. Your OSHA training records should be retrievable in minutes, not buried in a back-office cabinet. An incident report after a fire will note whether training was current, so make sure it is.

How do you write a magnesium SDS, and when do you need to create one yourself?

Most employers never write an SDS. The duty to prepare one falls on chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors under 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(1) ^[1]. Buy magnesium rod, sheet, or powder from a supplier, and the sheet comes with the product or lives on the supplier's website.

You do have to create one if you produce a magnesium alloy or magnesium-containing mixture in-house that isn't commercially available. Foundries and R&D shops hit this now and then. When you do, the SDS has to follow the 16-section GHS format and rest on real test data or published toxicological information for each component.

For everyone else, the job is smaller: get the SDS from your supplier before the material lands, confirm it's current (a GHS sheet shows a revision date), and swap it when the supplier issues a new version.

OSHA lets employers rely on the manufacturer's SDS, but you own the job of making sure it actually covers the form and concentration you use. A solid ingot SDS is not adequate if your people work with fine powder. Those are different physical forms with meaningfully different hazards, and you need the matching sheet.

Get a magnesium product with a missing SDS, an outdated one (the old pre-GHS MSDS with no pictograms), or a sheet not in English, and you're required to request a proper version from the supplier. If they stall, OSHA accepts that you document the request and keep pushing. That paper trail is what protects you if you get cited.

How does a magnesium SDS compare to a propane safety data sheet?

Both sheets run the same 16-section GHS format under OSHA's HazCom standard, but the hazard content is worlds apart. Seeing the contrast side by side makes it obvious why each section exists.

Feature	Magnesium SDS	Propane SDS
GHS physical hazard class	Flammable Solid, Category 1	Flammable Gas, Category 1A
Fire class	Class D	Class B
Water reactivity	Yes (hydrogen release)	No
Correct extinguisher	Class D dry powder	Dry chemical (BC or ABC); cut fuel supply
Inhalation hazard	MgO fume (metal fume fever)	Asphyxiation (displaces oxygen); simple asphyxiant
OSHA PEL	15 mg/m³ (MgO fume, ceiling)	No PEL; TLV-TWA 1,000 ppm (ACGIH)
Transport UN number	UN 1869 / UN 2950	UN 1978
Flash point	N/A (solid)	−104°C
Key PPE differences	FR clothing, face shield, leather gloves	Gas-rated gloves, intrinsically safe equipment

This matters in any shop that runs both. Propane torches turn up in metal fabrication right next to magnesium workpieces, and the fire response for a propane-fed flame (cut the fuel, hit it with dry chemical) is exactly wrong for a magnesium fire. Workers who touch both need training on both sheets, and the storage requirements have to be evaluated together in your fire prevention plan.

OSHA's Process Safety Management standard (29 CFR 1910.119) covers propane above 10,000 pounds on site, a threshold most small shops never reach. Magnesium triggers no quantity-based standard, but the general duty clause and HazCom apply no matter how little you keep.

What should your written hazard communication program say about magnesium?

A written HazCom program is required under 29 CFR 1910.1200(e)(1) for any employer whose workers may be exposed to hazardous chemicals ^[1]. It doesn't have to be long, but it has to cover how you maintain your chemical inventory, how SDS documents are managed and accessed, and how you label containers you fill or transfer in-house.

For magnesium, your written program should spell out a few specifics.

Where the SDS lives (the shop binder, the shared drive folder, or both) and what happens if it's unreachable. OSHA allows backup paper copies or an emergency contact with 24-hour access to the SDS information. "Call the safety manager on Monday" is not access.

The labeling procedure for any container filled from bulk stock. Pour magnesium powder from a 50-pound bag into smaller bins for production, and each of those downstream containers needs a GHS-compliant label carrying at least the product identifier, pictograms, signal word, hazard statements, and precautionary statements.

A chemical inventory list that names magnesium by form (ingot, powder, granules, ribbon) and storage location. That list also feeds your emergency response planning and any SARA 313 reporting.

Your training schedule and records approach: who trains new hires on the magnesium SDS, what they cover, and where the records sit.

SafetyFolio's safety program generator can structure a HazCom written program around your actual chemical inventory in about 15 minutes, including the magnesium-specific handling sections a generic template skips. The hazard communication article here breaks down the full written program requirements if you'd rather build it by hand.

If your safety lead is working through broader compliance, the OSHA 30 credential is worth the time. It covers HazCom, fire safety, and PPE programs together.

What happens if OSHA finds problems with your magnesium SDS program?

OSHA enforces HazCom under 29 CFR 1910.1200, and violations sort into serious, willful, and repeat. Serious violations carry penalties up to $16,550 per violation as of 2024 ^[10]. Willful or repeat violations reach $165,514 per violation.

The common HazCom citations in metal fabrication and die-casting are predictable: a missing or outdated SDS for a chemical in use, employees who can't find the SDS during an inspection (the immediately accessible test), secondary container labels that are missing or non-GHS, and no training records.

A missing magnesium SDS is a serious violation, not a paperwork nitpick. If a fire or injury brings OSHA in, the absence of the sheet compounds every other finding. Inspectors check whether employees actually know what the SDS says by asking them directly. A worker who can't name the right extinguisher for magnesium is proof training fell short, signed attendance sheet or not.

The general duty clause (Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act) is in play for combustible dust and storage hazards too. OSHA has cited employers under it for poor magnesium swarf management even when no specific standard applied cleanly.

Your real defense is honest, current documentation: a true chemical inventory, accessible SDS files, labeled containers, and training records that match actual exposures. To understand how an inspection unfolds in a manufacturing setting, the OSHA overview and the lockout tagout article on this site give useful context.

Frequently asked questions

What CAS number does magnesium have on an SDS?

Magnesium has CAS number 7439-95-4. It appears in Section 3 of the SDS (Composition/Information on Ingredients). Alloys list the base magnesium CAS plus CAS numbers for alloying elements such as aluminum (7429-90-5) or zinc (7440-66-6). Always confirm the CAS number matches the form you actually purchased.

Can I use a standard ABC fire extinguisher on a magnesium fire?

No. Never use a standard ABC extinguisher on a magnesium fire. ABC units use monoammonium phosphate, which can react with burning magnesium and worsen the fire. The only correct choice is a Class D dry powder extinguisher (Met-L-X, G-1 graphite powder, or dry sand). The wrong agent can make the fire intensify explosively.

Does OSHA require a separate SDS for each physical form of magnesium (powder, ribbon, ingot)?

Effectively, yes. Different physical forms carry different hazard profiles. Fine magnesium powder may carry a pyrophoric classification that solid ingot does not. OSHA's HazCom standard requires the SDS to reflect the actual hazards of the material as supplied. If your supplier provides one SDS for all forms, verify it addresses the specific form you handle; if not, request a form-specific document.

What is the OSHA PEL for magnesium oxide fume?

OSHA's PEL for magnesium oxide fume is 15 mg/m³ as a ceiling value under 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1. NIOSH's REL is 10 mg/m³ as a TWA, which is more protective. If workers grind or machine magnesium regularly, air monitoring is the only way to confirm real exposure levels. Section 8 of the SDS should reference these limits.

How long do I have to provide an SDS to an employee who requests one?

OSHA requires the SDS to be accessible immediately in an emergency, with no delay. In non-emergency situations, it must be accessible during the workshift whenever employees are in the work area. There is no grace period for emergencies. If your SDS system goes down and no backup exists, that is a violation regardless of intent.

What UN number is used to ship magnesium?

Solid magnesium (ingots, extrusions, castings) ships under UN 1869, Hazard Class 4.1 (Flammable Solid). Coated magnesium granules use UN 2950. Pyrophoric magnesium powder uses UN 1418, Class 4.3 (Dangerous When Wet). The correct UN number depends on particle size and surface treatment; always verify with Section 14 of the specific SDS.

Do I need a HazCom written program if I only have a small amount of magnesium in my shop?

Yes. OSHA's HazCom standard at 29 CFR 1910.1200(e) requires a written program whenever employees may be exposed to hazardous chemicals, with no minimum quantity threshold. A single container of magnesium powder triggers the requirement. The written program need not be long, but it must exist, be specific to your workplace, and be available to employees and OSHA inspectors.

What first aid should I give someone who gets magnesium particles embedded in their skin?

Remove visible magnesium particles mechanically before applying water. This is the step most people get wrong. Flush water over skin that still holds embedded magnesium and the metal reacts, burning the tissue from inside the wound. After the particles are out, flush with water for 15 to 20 minutes and seek medical attention. Section 4 of the magnesium SDS documents this procedure.

How often should I review and update my magnesium SDS?

There's no fixed schedule for your copy, but 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(5) requires manufacturers to update the SDS within three months of learning of significant new hazard information. As an employer, check for supplier revisions at least annually and whenever you change product grades, suppliers, or processes. Keep the current version accessible and retire outdated copies.

Is magnesium a SARA 313 reportable chemical?

Magnesium metal is not on the SARA Section 313 toxic chemical list on its own, but magnesium compounds (such as magnesium sulfate) may be. Magnesium processing operations often have other reportable chemicals in inventory. Check the EPA's TRI chemical list for your specific compounds and confirm whether your facility meets the thresholds (generally 10,000 lb/year activity and 10 or more employees).

What training do employees need before working with magnesium?

OSHA requires training before initial assignment under 29 CFR 1910.1200(h). For magnesium, that covers GHS label elements, how to find and read the SDS, the fire hazards (Class D, water reactivity), correct PPE for each task, first aid for embedded particles, and emergency procedures. Generic chemical safety training that never addresses magnesium's specific hazards does not satisfy the requirement.

Does OSHA have a specific standard for combustible magnesium dust, or does HazCom cover it?

There is no OSHA standard specific to magnesium dust, but OSHA's combustible dust National Emphasis Program and NFPA 484 give detailed guidance. OSHA enforces combustible dust hazards through the general duty clause (Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act) and related standards like 29 CFR 1910.157 (fire extinguishers) and 1910.94 (ventilation). HazCom covers the documentation and training side; the NEP targets engineering controls.

Can I keep SDS documents in electronic format only, or do I need paper copies?

Electronic-only systems are acceptable under OSHA's HazCom standard, but the system must ensure no barriers to employee access on all shifts. That means no password-sharing snags, no internet-dependent setup in areas with unreliable connectivity without a backup, and no need for supervisor involvement. Many employers keep a paper backup in the work area alongside the electronic system. OSHA has confirmed electronic SDS systems are acceptable when these conditions are met.

What NFPA code covers magnesium fire safety in manufacturing?

NFPA 484: Standard for Combustible Metals covers magnesium and other combustible metals in manufacturing. It addresses dust collection, housekeeping, storage of chips and turnings, fire suppression, and building design. OSHA does not adopt NFPA 484 directly, but inspectors cite it as recognized and generally accepted good engineering practice (RAGAGEP) when issuing general duty clause citations for combustible metal hazards.

Sources

1. OSHA, Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200): Requires 16-section GHS SDS, employee training before first exposure, and immediately accessible SDS during each workshift
2. OSHA, Table Z-1 Limits for Air Contaminants (29 CFR 1910.1000): OSHA PEL for magnesium oxide fume is 15 mg/m³ as a ceiling value
3. NIOSH, Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Magnesium Oxide Fume: NIOSH REL for magnesium oxide fume is 10 mg/m³ as a TWA; metal fume fever is the primary occupational illness
4. OSHA, Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134): Requires written respiratory protection program, medical evaluation, and fit testing for workers who wear respirators
5. OSHA, Combustible Dust National Emphasis Program (CPL 03-00-008): OSHA's NEP has cited facilities for inadequate dust collection and housekeeping in magnesium-handling operations under the general duty clause
6. OSHA, Top 10 Most Cited Standards FY2023: Hazard Communication (29 CFR 1910.1200) ranked second in OSHA's top 10 most-cited standards for FY2023 with 2,978 federal violations
7. OSHA, Penalties and Debt Collection: Serious violations carry penalties up to $16,550 per violation; willful or repeat violations up to $165,514 per violation as of 2024
8. EPA, SARA Section 313 TRI Chemical List: Magnesium metal is not listed as a SARA 313 toxic chemical; certain magnesium compounds may be reportable
9. DOT, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration: Hazardous Materials Table (49 CFR 172.101): Magnesium solid ships as UN 1869; magnesium granules coated as UN 2950; pyrophoric magnesium powder as UN 1418
10. OSHA, PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132): Requires a written hazard assessment before selecting PPE for any chemical or physical hazard