Dust collection system inspection and maintenance documentation

Last updated 2026-07-11

Why does OSHA care about dust collection documentation?

Dust collection systems do two jobs at once. They keep workers from breathing respiratory hazards, and in many facilities they pull a combustible mixture out of the air before it can ignite. That double duty is why OSHA treats the paperwork as a real requirement.

The core general industry standard is 29 CFR 1910.94, which covers ventilation systems including dust-collecting equipment ^[1]. For combustible dusts specifically, OSHA's enforcement follows NFPA 652 (the fundamentals standard) and process-specific standards like NFPA 654 for manufacturing ^[2]. OSHA has issued multiple combustible dust National Emphasis Programs (NEPs) since 2008, and each one names inadequate inspection records as a leading documentation deficiency found during inspections ^[3].

When an inspector walks into your facility, the first thing they typically ask for is your written program and your inspection logs. Hand them a binder with dated entries showing airflow readings, filter replacements, fan belt checks, and corrective actions, and you're already ahead of most small facilities. Come up empty, and the citation conversation starts right there.

There's a second payoff. Documented maintenance protects you in workers' comp and liability cases. If an employee develops occupational asthma or gets hurt in a dust flash fire, your inspection records are the evidence that you either met your duty of care or didn't.

Which OSHA standards and NFPA codes apply to dust collection systems?

The regulatory picture is layered, and getting it wrong is expensive.

29 CFR 1910.94(a) covers abrasive blasting exhaust ventilation. 29 CFR 1910.94(b) covers grinding, polishing, and buffing operations with local exhaust. 29 CFR 1910.94(c) covers spray finishing and lacquering operations. Each sub-section has its own inspection frequency and recordkeeping language ^[1].

For combustible dust, OSHA has no single codified standard. It enforces through the General Duty Clause (Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act) using NFPA codes as the recognized hazard benchmarks ^[3]. NFPA 652 (2019 edition) requires a Dust Hazard Analysis (DHA) and sets expectations for equipment maintenance documentation. NFPA 654 (manufacturing and processing), NFPA 664 (wood processing), and NFPA 61 (agricultural and food) add industry-specific inspection intervals.

Run wood dust, metal dust, grain, flour, or any agricultural commodity, and you almost certainly have a combustible dust obligation sitting on top of the basic ventilation requirement.

For construction, 29 CFR 1926.57 is the parallel ventilation standard ^[8]. The recordkeeping logic is the same.

Standard	Who it covers	Key documentation requirement
29 CFR 1910.94	General industry ventilation	Written inspection records, airflow data
29 CFR 1926.57	Construction ventilation	Similar inspection and airflow records
NFPA 652	All combustible dust	DHA on file, maintenance logs
NFPA 654	Mfg/processing combustible dust	Inspection intervals, filter condition records
NFPA 664	Wood processing	Spark detection system logs
General Duty Clause	Any recognized hazard	Evidence of hazard control and inspection

If your facility falls under a Process Safety Management (PSM) standard at 29 CFR 1910.119, mechanical integrity records for dust collection equipment get even more detailed ^[4].

What does a dust collection inspection log actually need to include?

This is where most small employers go wrong. They keep records, but the records are thin: "checked system, OK" with a date. That does not satisfy 29 CFR 1910.94, and it will not hold up under an NFPA 652 review.

A defensible inspection log entry includes:

1. Date and time of inspection 2. Name of the person who performed it 3. System or unit identifier (if you have multiple collectors, each needs its own log) 4. Static pressure differential across filters (before and after readings, in inches of water column) 5. Visual condition of filter media (tears, blinding, dust cake buildup) 6. Fan motor amperage draw or belt tension check result 7. Ductwork condition check (leaks, dents, obstructions at inlets) 8. Hopper or drum fill level 9. Any corrective action taken, or a reference to a work order number 10. Signature or initials

The static pressure differential reading is the single most useful data point you can record. A healthy bag filter or cartridge collector typically runs between 3 and 6 inches of water column. A reading consistently above 6 inches usually means the filters are blinding. Below 2 inches often means the bags have holes or the pulse-jet cleaning cycle is over-cleaning ^[5].

For spark detection and suppression systems that are part of a combustible dust collector, NFPA 72 and the manufacturer's specifications set the inspection frequency, and those logs have to be kept separately and cross-referenced in your main maintenance file.

One thing worth doing from a practical standpoint: keep your corrective action entries even when the fix is minor. "Replaced worn belt, 15-minute repair" is the entry that proves the system is being managed, more than signed off.

How often do dust collection systems need to be inspected?

There's no single universal interval, and anyone who tells you "just inspect monthly" is oversimplifying.

29 CFR 1910.94(b)(3) requires that grinding and polishing ventilation systems be inspected at "regular intervals" sufficient to maintain their design performance ^[1]. OSHA's interpretation letters have consistently held that the manufacturer's recommended interval sets the floor, and that higher-production environments may need more frequent checks.

NFPA 652 (2019) requires that dust collection equipment be inspected and maintained per the manufacturer's recommendations and at intervals based on the results of the Dust Hazard Analysis ^[2]. If your DHA identifies a high dust generation rate, weekly or even daily visual checks may be required.

Here is a practical frequency framework most facilities can defend:

Daily (operator checks): Hopper/drum level, no visible leaks at ductwork, system is running and creating suction at capture hoods. Logged on a simple checksheet.

Weekly: Static pressure differential across filters, visual inspection of filter housing and access doors, cleaning system function (pulse-jet timer setting or shaker cycle).

Monthly: Motor and fan condition, belt tension and wear, duct access-point inspections, inlet hood condition.

Quarterly: Full filter inspection including removal of one filter to check media integrity, duct interior inspection at key access points, blast gate positions verified.

Annually: Full system performance test against original design airflow specs, ductwork thickness measurement in high-wear elbows, fire suppression and spark detection system inspection per NFPA 72.

Process combustible dust, and you add a shift-end housekeeping check for dust accumulation on horizontal surfaces above 1/32 inch, the NFPA 654 threshold that defines a hazardous accumulation ^[2].

What records do you need for combustible dust specifically?

Combustible dust documentation goes beyond the standard ventilation log. OSHA's combustible dust NEP has cited facilities under the General Duty Clause for failures including: no Dust Hazard Analysis on file, no documented inspection of explosion isolation valves, and no spark detection system test records ^[3].

Here are the extra records a combustible dust system needs.

Dust Hazard Analysis (DHA): NFPA 652 requires this to be completed and kept on file. For existing facilities, the initial DHA deadline under the 2019 edition was September 7, 2020. The DHA must be reviewed every five years or after any process change ^[2].

Explosion protection equipment records: If your collector has explosion venting (rupture discs or flameless vents), deflagration suppression, or isolation valves, each requires its own inspection log. Rupture disc inspections are typically annual; suppression system agent-weight checks may be quarterly per manufacturer specs.

Earthing and bonding continuity records: Electrically conductive dust collectors require documented ground continuity checks. NFPA 77 sets the standard; resistance should be below 1 ohm to ground ^[10].

Spark detection system logs: If you have a spark detection and extinguishing system in the ductwork, every alarm, test, and service event needs to be logged. Many facilities connect this to their building automation system, but the records still have to be retrievable and dated.

Combustible dust test data or SDS references: You need documentation showing the Kst and Pmax values for your dust (or a reference to published databases) so the adequacy of your explosion protection design can be verified.

If this feels like a lot, it is. Combustible dust is one of the areas where a small employer genuinely benefits from a written safety program that ties all these records together in one place. SafetyFolio's safety program generator can build that structure in under 15 minutes, so the recordkeeping framework exists before an inspector asks for it.

What does a written dust collection maintenance program need to cover?

OSHA's expectation, stated in 29 CFR 1910.94 and reinforced by General Duty Clause enforcement, is that you have a written maintenance program, more than logs. The logs are evidence the program is being followed. The written program is proof you had a system in the first place.

A defensible written program for dust collection maintenance covers:

Scope: Which systems are covered, where they sit, what dusts they handle.

Roles and responsibilities: Who is authorized to inspect, who approves corrective actions, who reviews records.

Inspection checklists: The actual items being checked at each frequency, with spaces for measured values (more than pass/fail checkboxes).

Criteria for taking a system offline: What static pressure differential, visible filter damage, or motor condition triggers a shutdown pending repair.

Corrective action process: How deficiencies get tracked, who is responsible for repair, and the maximum allowable response time before the system must come out of service.

Filter disposal procedures: Many dust types (heavy metals, wood dust with surface treatment residues) require specific disposal documentation. This cross-references your hazard communication program and the relevant SDS.

Lockout tagout procedures: Every dust collector task that requires opening the system, changing filters, or working on fans and motors needs a machine-specific LOTO procedure. 29 CFR 1910.147 requires it, and dust collectors are a common LOTO citation target because the hazards are easy to underestimate ^[6].

Record retention: OSHA does not set a universal retention period for ventilation inspection records, but three years is the common industry practice, and records connected to a PSM program must be kept for the life of the process.

The written program should also reference any manufacturer O&M manual and note where it's kept. Inspectors ask for it often.

How do you document filter replacement and airflow testing?

Filter replacement is the highest-frequency maintenance event on most dust collectors, and it's the one most often underdocumented.

Every filter replacement should be logged with: date, system ID, filter type and part number, condition of removed filters (describe the dust cake, any tears or pinholes noted), replacement filter lot number if available, and the static pressure differential reading after replacement and a short run-in period.

That last point matters. If you replace filters and the differential pressure immediately climbs back to pre-replacement levels, you either have an airflow problem, a pre-coating issue, or the wrong filter media for your dust. Documenting the post-replacement reading catches that pattern.

For airflow testing, the standard method for industrial ventilation is the pitot tube traverse outlined in ACGIH's Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice ^[5]. You measure actual volume flow (in CFM) at the main duct and compare it to the system's design specification. A drop of more than 10% from design flow is a flag worth documenting and investigating.

Most small facilities skip formal pitot traverses because they don't have the equipment or training. A reasonable substitute is to track static pressure at a fixed tap location near the fan inlet at every inspection. If that reading trends upward over time while production volume stays the same, you have evidence of increasing resistance, which usually means filter loading, duct obstruction, or fan degradation. The trend data itself is documentation.

Some collector manufacturers now sell IoT-connected pressure sensors that log differential pressure continuously. If you have one, your data is already there. You still need a written procedure for what to do when thresholds are exceeded, and someone has to actually review the data, more than collect it.

What happens during an OSHA inspection if your records are incomplete?

Incomplete dust collection records don't automatically mean a citation, but they strip away your best defenses.

Under 29 CFR 1910.94, OSHA can cite you for failing to maintain ventilation systems that meet their design performance. No airflow records means you can't demonstrate the system was performing as designed. That shifts the burden of proof onto you.

For combustible dust under the General Duty Clause, OSHA has to show four elements: a hazard existed, you knew or should have known about it, a feasible means of abatement existed, and you failed to use it. Documented inspection and maintenance records are direct evidence that you were managing the hazard. No records can look like constructive knowledge of a problem you chose not to track.

Combustible dust citations under the General Duty Clause carry penalties up to $16,131 per serious violation (the 2024 adjusted maximum) and up to $161,323 for willful or repeated violations ^[7]. A single incomplete dust system can generate multiple citation items.

OSHA's combustible dust NEP inspection guides, which are public, tell compliance officers to ask specifically for: DHA documentation, equipment inspection records, housekeeping logs, and training records ^[3]. Want to know what an inspector will ask for? Read the NEP.

The honest answer on how often incomplete records lead to citations: nobody has good public data on the ratio of inspections to citations for documentation deficiencies in dust collection specifically. The closest available data is OSHA's annual citation summary, which shows ventilation standards (29 CFR 1910.94) cited hundreds of times per year in general industry, with recordkeeping gaps consistently named as aggravating factors in inspection narratives ^[7].

How should you organize and store dust collection inspection records?

The format matters less than the retrievability. An inspector who asks for your dust collector log from 18 months ago should have it in hand within five minutes. If that takes a 20-minute dig through a filing cabinet, the search itself signals a disorganized program.

Three practical storage approaches work for small facilities.

Paper binder at the machine: Works for small shops with one or two collectors. A laminated daily checksheet posted at the collector, with completed sheets filed chronologically in a binder nearby. Simple, accessible, easy to show an inspector. The downside: easy to lose in a fire, flood, or facility move.

Shared drive or folder: A dated folder structure with scanned or PDF copies of completed checksheets, plus digital logs for any sensor data. Add access controls so records can't be deleted by accident. This is what most small-to-mid facilities use.

CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management System): For facilities with multiple collectors or a full maintenance department, a CMMS like Fiix, UpKeep, or MP2 tracks work orders, inspection history, and parts used in one place. The reports come pre-formatted for an inspector. Worth the cost if you have 10 or more pieces of equipment needing regular documentation.

Whichever system you use, tie each corrective action back to a specific inspection entry. "Work order #2241, completed 3/15/2025, replaced fan belt, see maintenance log" is the cross-reference that shows a working system.

For any facility with a PSM obligation, records must be kept for the life of the process per 29 CFR 1910.119(j)(4) ^[4]. For everyone else, keep at least three years of records on-site and archive older records off-site.

What training records do you need for workers who inspect dust collection systems?

The inspection and maintenance records are only half the equation. OSHA also expects you to document that the people performing inspections are trained to do so.

29 CFR 1910.94 does not spell out a training curriculum for dust collection maintenance workers. But the General Duty Clause standard of care, backed by NFPA 652 and manufacturer requirements, is that anyone inspecting or maintaining a dust collection system has to understand the hazards of the dust being collected, the operating parameters of the specific system, the criteria that require taking the system offline, and the LOTO procedure for the equipment.

At minimum, keep records showing:

• Who is authorized to perform inspections (by name and role)
• What training they completed (date, topic, trainer or source)
• Any retraining following a near-miss, a system change, or an inspection finding

For combustible dust specifically, NFPA 652 requires that workers understand the fire and explosion hazards of the dusts they work with. That training should be documented and tied to the specific dust types in your facility.

If your workers complete an OSHA 30 or any formal safety training that includes industrial ventilation or combustible dust modules, keep those completion certificates on file and reference them in your written program. An incident report connected to a dust collection failure gets examined alongside training records to judge whether the employer met its obligation.

One honest note: OSHA does not require a specific certification for dust collector inspectors in most industries. The standard is competence, and competence is shown by training records plus the quality of the inspection logs themselves.

What are the most common dust collection documentation mistakes that lead to citations?

Read enough OSHA inspection narratives and combustible dust NEP enforcement summaries, and the same gaps show up over and over.

No baseline airflow measurements on file. Without the original design CFM and static pressure specs documented, you can't show the system is performing as intended. Get these from the manufacturer and record them in your written program.

Checklists with no measured values. Pass/fail checkboxes without actual readings (differential pressure, motor amps, hood face velocity) don't show what condition the system was in. An inspector can't tell from "OK" whether you measured anything at all.

Corrective actions not closed out. You spotted a problem, wrote it down, and then the log shows no follow-up entry. That's worse than missing the problem, because it proves you knew and didn't fix it.

No DHA or an outdated DHA. NFPA 652 requires review every five years or after process changes. Facilities that did an initial DHA in 2020 and then added a new product line without updating the DHA are out of compliance.

LOTO procedures that skip the dust collector. Facilities with machine-specific LOTO procedures for production equipment but nothing for the collector get cited under 29 CFR 1910.147 ^[6]. The dust collector is a machine. It needs its own LOTO procedure and its own training record.

Missing spark detection and suppression inspection records. These systems get installed and then never formally inspected or logged because nobody owns the responsibility. Name someone, set a schedule, document it.

Building the documentation structure before an inspector shows up is far easier than reconstructing it after. A written safety program that ties your inspection checklists, LOTO procedures, training records, and DHA together is the backbone. SafetyFolio's program generator builds that structure for your industry and equipment profile.

How do small businesses with limited staff manage dust collection documentation without a safety manager?

This is the real question for most small employers. One facility, two or three dust collectors, and nobody whose job title includes the word "safety."

The honest answer is that documentation doesn't require a safety manager. It requires a system, and the system only has to be as complex as your operation.

For a small woodworking shop or metal fabrication facility with one or two collectors, the minimum viable documentation system is:

• A one-page written dust collection maintenance program (scope, roles, inspection frequency, shutdown criteria)
• A simple dated logsheet posted at each collector (daily operator check, weekly readings, monthly sign-off)
• A single folder (physical or digital) where completed logs go
• A note in the equipment file with the manufacturer's manual and original design specs

That takes maybe four hours to set up and five minutes a week to maintain. It isn't perfect. It's defensible.

Assign the inspection task to a specific named person. "The operator of record" is not enough. "John Martinez, first-shift lead, is responsible for completing the daily dust collector log" is what you need.

For combustible dust facilities, the DHA is the piece most small employers skip because it sounds intimidating. A qualified person, which NFPA 652 defines as someone with training and experience relevant to combustible dust hazards, has to conduct it. For simple processes with a single well-characterized dust, many small facilities do this with a senior employee who has completed relevant training and worked from the NFPA guidance documents. For complex or novel processes, an industrial hygienist or process safety consultant is the right call.

The OSHA lockout tagout standard and the hazard communication program both connect to your dust collection documentation. Getting those written programs set up at the same time saves effort, because many of the hazard identification steps overlap.

Frequently asked questions

Does OSHA require a written dust collection inspection program, or just records?

29 CFR 1910.94 requires that ventilation systems be maintained to meet their design performance, and OSHA enforcement expects a written program to demonstrate how you ensure that. Records alone, without a written program defining who inspects, how often, and what criteria trigger corrective action, are usually insufficient. NFPA 652 adds a formal written maintenance program requirement for combustible dust systems.

How long do you have to keep dust collection maintenance records?

OSHA does not specify a universal retention period for ventilation maintenance records under 29 CFR 1910.94. Three years on-site is the common industry practice and matches OSHA's typical inspection lookback window. Facilities under PSM requirements at 29 CFR 1910.119 must keep mechanical integrity records for the life of the process. Always check your industry-specific standards for longer requirements.

What is the NFPA 652 Dust Hazard Analysis and who has to have one?

NFPA 652 (2019) requires any facility that handles combustible dusts to complete a Dust Hazard Analysis identifying ignition sources, explosion hazards, and required safeguards. The DHA must be documented, kept on file, and reviewed every five years or after a process change. The initial DHA deadline for existing facilities was September 7, 2020. Facilities that missed this are out of compliance with NFPA 652.

Can OSHA cite you for combustible dust problems if there is no specific OSHA combustible dust standard?

Yes. OSHA uses the General Duty Clause (Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act) to cite combustible dust hazards, treating NFPA 652 and related NFPA codes as the recognized standard of care. OSHA's combustible dust National Emphasis Program has been active since 2008 and has generated hundreds of citations. Penalties can reach $16,131 per serious violation and $161,323 for willful violations at 2024 adjusted rates.

What static pressure differential should a bag filter dust collector read during normal operation?

A healthy bag filter typically reads 3 to 6 inches of water column differential pressure across the filter housing. Readings consistently above 6 inches usually indicate filter blinding or inadequate cleaning cycle performance. Readings below 2 inches often signal filter media failure or excessive cleaning. Your manufacturer's specifications set the definitive range for your specific equipment, and those specs should be recorded in your maintenance program.

Do dust collection systems need lockout tagout procedures?

Yes. Any maintenance task on a dust collector that requires opening the housing, changing filters, or working on fans, motors, or augers must be covered by a machine-specific lockout tagout procedure under 29 CFR 1910.147. Dust collectors are a documented LOTO citation target because facilities often create LOTO procedures for production machines and overlook ancillary equipment. Each procedure must be documented and workers trained on it.

How often should dust collector filters be replaced, and does replacement need to be documented?

Replacement frequency depends on dust type, production volume, and filter media. There is no single OSHA-mandated interval. The trigger should be differential pressure readings exceeding the manufacturer's threshold, visible filter damage, or declining capture velocity at hoods. Every replacement must be documented: date, system ID, filter part number, condition of removed media, and post-replacement pressure reading. This log is evidence of a functioning maintenance program.

What training do workers need before they can inspect a dust collection system?

OSHA does not require a specific certification for dust collector inspectors in most industries, but workers must be competent to recognize hazardous conditions and understand the dust hazards involved. NFPA 652 requires that workers handling combustible dusts receive training on fire and explosion hazards. Training must be documented: name of the trainee, date, topic covered, and trainer or course source. Retraining is required after any near-miss or significant system change.

Are there special documentation requirements for spark detection systems on dust collectors?

Yes. Spark detection and suppression systems installed in ductwork must be inspected and logged according to NFPA 72 (National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code) and the manufacturer's specifications. This typically means documented function tests and alarm response checks. These logs are separate from the main collector inspection log but should be cross-referenced in your written program. Every alarm event and service call also needs to be recorded.

What is the 1/32-inch dust accumulation rule in NFPA 654?

NFPA 654 defines a hazardous dust accumulation as any layer 1/32 inch thick (roughly the thickness of a paperclip wire) or greater on horizontal surfaces, combined with a total area of 5% or more of the floor area. Facilities are expected to document housekeeping inspection frequencies based on dust generation rate, and to show that accumulations are removed before reaching this threshold. Exceeding it can be cited under the General Duty Clause.

Does a portable dust collector need the same documentation as a fixed system?

OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.94 applies to ventilation systems including portable units used to control dust at a work process. The documentation standard is the same in principle: you need records showing the unit was inspected, filters were maintained, and airflow was adequate for the task. Combustible dust obligations apply whether the collector is fixed or portable. A simple dated log traveling with the unit is the minimum defensible record.

What should a daily operator checklist for a dust collector include?

At minimum: confirmation the system is running and creating suction at all capture hoods, hopper or drum fill level (and emptied if near capacity), no visible dust leaks at ductwork connections or the filter housing, and the cleaning system (pulse-jet, shaker, or reverse-air) is cycling normally. The operator should sign and date the entry. This takes two to three minutes per shift and is the first thing an OSHA inspector will ask about.

How does a Dust Hazard Analysis differ from a standard risk assessment?

A DHA is scoped specifically to fire, flash fire, and explosion hazards from combustible dusts, as defined by NFPA 652. It identifies dust generation sources, accumulation locations, ignition sources, and the adequacy of existing controls including dust collection systems. A standard risk assessment may cover a broader range of hazards but often skips the deflagration-specific detail NFPA 652 requires. The DHA is a formal document that must be kept on file and reviewed periodically.

Can you use a digital app or spreadsheet to document dust collector inspections?

Yes, and for most small facilities a well-designed spreadsheet is entirely adequate. The format matters less than completeness, retrievability, and accuracy. A spreadsheet with dated rows, fields for measured values (more than checkboxes), and a named inspector column is defensible. If you use a mobile form or app, make sure completed records are backed up and accessible within minutes. Printed paper records also remain fully acceptable.

Sources

1. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.94 Ventilation: 29 CFR 1910.94 covers local exhaust ventilation for abrasive blasting, grinding, polishing, and spray finishing, requiring maintenance to design performance.
2. NFPA 652, Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust (2019 edition), via NFPA.org: NFPA 652 requires a Dust Hazard Analysis for facilities handling combustible dusts, with DHA review every five years or after process changes; 1/32-inch accumulation threshold defined in NFPA 654.
3. OSHA, Combustible Dust National Emphasis Program (NEP), CPL 03-00-008: OSHA's combustible dust NEP has been active since 2008 and identifies inadequate inspection records and missing DHAs as leading documentation deficiencies during inspections.
4. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.119 Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals: 29 CFR 1910.119(j)(4) requires mechanical integrity records to be kept for the life of the process for facilities subject to PSM.
5. ACGIH, Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice for Design (30th ed.): The pitot tube traverse method is the standard for measuring actual volume flow in industrial ventilation ducts; a drop of more than 10% from design airflow warrants investigation.
6. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.147 The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout): 29 CFR 1910.147 requires machine-specific energy control procedures for all equipment maintenance tasks, including dust collectors.
7. OSHA, OSHA Civil Penalties (2024 adjusted maximum penalty amounts): 2024 OSHA adjusted maximum penalty is $16,131 per serious violation and $161,323 for willful or repeated violations.
8. OSHA, 29 CFR 1926.57 Ventilation (Construction): 29 CFR 1926.57 is the parallel ventilation standard for construction operations, with equivalent inspection and airflow documentation expectations.
9. NFPA 77, Recommended Practice on Static Electricity (2019), via NFPA.org: NFPA 77 specifies that ground continuity resistance for electrically conductive equipment handling combustible dust should be below 1 ohm.
10. BLS, Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities, via BLS.gov: BLS injury and fatality data is used to contextualize the hazard profile of dust-generating industries.
11. OSHA, General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act of 1970: OSHA uses the General Duty Clause to cite combustible dust hazards in the absence of a specific codified standard, using NFPA codes as the recognized hazard benchmark.