How to write a cutting fluid management program for small machining

Last updated 2026-07-11

What is a cutting fluid management program and does OSHA require one?

A cutting fluid management program is a written document that tells everyone in your shop how to handle metalworking fluids from the loading dock to the waste hauler. It covers fluid selection, mixing, concentration monitoring, tramp oil control, biocide use, skin and respiratory exposure controls, SDS access, and recordkeeping.

OSHA has no rule titled "cutting fluid management." What it has is a cluster of standards that together demand most of what a good program contains. The General Duty Clause (Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act) requires employers to keep the workplace free from recognized hazards, and NIOSH has formally identified metalworking fluid mist as one of those hazards ^[1]. On top of that, at least five specific standards apply: 29 CFR 1910.1000 (air contaminants), 29 CFR 1910.132 and 1910.138 (PPE and hand protection), 29 CFR 1910.1200 (hazard communication and SDS), 29 CFR 1910.141 (sanitation), and 29 CFR 1910.151 (first aid) ^[2].

So OSHA can cite you under any of those even if it never says the phrase "cutting fluid management program." Writing one document that ties them together is the practical way to stay compliant and actually protect people.

Small shops, meaning fewer than 100 employees, often skip this because it feels like a big-company task. It isn't. A working program for a 10-person machine shop fits in four to eight pages.

What health risks make cutting fluid management so important?

Metalworking fluids go bad. A fresh water-soluble coolant mixed at 5% concentrate is close to pH-neutral and microbe-free. Leave it in a sump for a few weeks without maintenance, and you grow Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, and fungi that produce endotoxins and other compounds tied to respiratory disease ^[1].

NIOSH published its criteria document on metalworking fluids in 1998, and the core finding still holds: workers exposed to MWF mist above 0.4 mg/m³ (measured as thoracic particulate) show elevated rates of occupational asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and skin disorders ^[1]. That 0.4 mg/m³ figure is NIOSH's recommended exposure limit (REL). OSHA's permissible exposure limit for mineral oil mist under 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 is 5 mg/m³ as an 8-hour TWA, which most industrial hygienists consider far too loose given what we now know about long-term lung disease ^[3].

Skin disease is the other big problem. Dermatitis from cutting fluid contact is one of the most common occupational skin conditions in manufacturing. Coolant fouled with tramp oil, bacteria, and their byproducts is far more aggressive on skin than fresh fluid. Stand at a wet machine all day without proper gloves and barrier cream and you end up with cracked, infected hands.

None of this is exotic. BLS survey data show manufacturing consistently records among the highest rates of occupational skin disease and respiratory illness ^[4]. Machine shops are not exempt.

What OSHA standards actually apply to cutting fluids?

Here is how the main standards map onto real program elements:

OSHA Standard	What it requires in a MWF context
29 CFR 1910.1000	Air contaminant limits (mineral oil mist: 5 mg/m³ PEL; aim for NIOSH REL of 0.4 mg/m³)
29 CFR 1910.132	Hazard assessment and PPE selection, documented in writing
29 CFR 1910.138	Hand protection selection matched to fluid exposure
29 CFR 1910.1200	SDS on file and accessible for every fluid product; training on fluid hazards
29 CFR 1910.141	Sanitation: wash facilities, no eating or drinking near fluid mist
29 CFR 1910.151	First aid supplies; eyewash where fluid splash is possible
General Duty Clause	Catch-all for recognized hazards (MWF mist, biocide skin hazards) [2]

The hazard communication standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) is the one most commonly cited in small shops during coolant-related inspections ^[11]. Inspectors look first for whether workers can find the SDS for the fluids they use. If a machinist can't put a hand on the SDS for the cutting oil in machine #3, that is a citation waiting to happen. Your hazard communication program and your cutting fluid program should reference each other.

Lockout/tagout under 29 CFR 1910.147 sits right next door. Anytime a worker cleans a sump or clears a chip conveyor, energy isolation matters ^[12]. Your lockout tagout procedures belong in the maintenance section of the program.

How do you structure a written cutting fluid management program?

A working program has seven sections. You don't need more.

1. Purpose and scope. One paragraph. State what the program covers (all water-soluble and straight oil fluids used in production), who it applies to (all machinists and maintenance staff), and which OSHA standards it addresses.

2. Fluid selection and approval. List who can approve new fluid products (usually the shop manager or a designated lead). Require an SDS before any new fluid enters the shop. State your default mixing ratio. Most water-soluble coolants run between 5% and 10% concentrate; your supplier's SDS and technical sheet give the correct range for your specific product ^[5].

3. Mixing procedures. This matters more than most shops realize. Always add concentrate to water, never water to concentrate. Use a refractometer to verify concentration at mix time. Document the target range and acceptable limits (usually plus or minus 1 to 2 percentage points from target) ^[5]. If you use a proportioner, note its calibration schedule.

4. Sump monitoring and maintenance schedule. This is the heart of the program. Specify:

• Refractometer concentration checks: weekly minimum, daily on high-volume machines.
• pH testing: twice weekly. Most water-soluble fluids should hold between pH 8.5 and 9.5; below 8.0, bacteria multiply fast ^[5].
• Tramp oil level: visual check daily, skim when tramp oil passes roughly 2% of sump volume.
• Biological activity: nitrite test strips or dip slides at least monthly.
• Sump cleanout interval: at least annually, more often if contamination keeps coming back.

5. Exposure controls. Document the hierarchy. Engineering controls first (mist collectors, machine enclosures), administrative controls second (limiting spray velocity, lowering fluid temperature), PPE last (gloves, safety glasses, face shields for splash tasks). Specify glove type, because not every chemical-resistant glove protects against every coolant chemistry. Your glove selection has to be documented under 29 CFR 1910.138 anyway, so do it here ^[6].

6. Training requirements. Name who gets trained, when (before first fluid exposure and annually after), and what the training covers. Details are in the training section below.

7. Waste fluid disposal. Used coolant is a regulated waste in most states. Document your disposal contractor, the waste manifest process, and who approves a coolant change-out. Never dump coolant down a floor drain. The Clean Water Act and many state environmental programs treat that as a violation entirely separate from OSHA ^[7].

Want a pre-built template that maps all of this to the right CFR sections without a lost weekend on formatting? SafetyFolio's program generator drafts one in about 15 minutes, and you edit in your specific products and sump schedules.

How often should you test coolant concentration and pH?

More often than most small shops currently do. That's the honest answer.

A refractometer costs $30 to $80 and pays for itself the first time it stops a sump changeout driven by concentration drift ^[5]. Use it at least weekly on every active sump. On high-production CNC machines running 16-hour days, check daily. Concentration outside the recommended range, too low (microbial growth, poor lubrication) or too high (skin irritation, wasted concentrate), is your early warning that other things are about to break.

pH below 8.0 is an alarm. Bacteria pumping out acidic byproducts are the usual cause. When pH drops that far, a biocide dose may buy time, but a full dump and clean is often cheaper than fighting it week after week ^[5].

Some shops run dip slides for microbial counts. They cost roughly $2 to $5 per slide and give a rough colony count after 24 to 48 hours of incubation. Above 10^6 CFU/mL is heavily contaminated. NIOSH specifically recommends monitoring for microbial contamination as part of a fluid management program ^[1].

Keep a log. Date, machine number, concentration, pH, additives, who checked. A single-page paper log at each machine works. So does a spreadsheet. The format doesn't matter. Having the record does. OSHA inspectors have asked for fluid maintenance logs during general industry inspections at machine shops ^[2].

What PPE is required for workers handling cutting fluids?

PPE for cutting fluid work splits into three scenarios: routine machining (incidental mist and splash), sump maintenance (direct fluid contact), and emergency cleanup (concentrated spills). Each calls for a different level of protection.

For routine machining, the minimum is safety glasses, plus a mist-appropriate respirator if your shop can't hold the NIOSH REL without one. Plenty of small shops run older manual machines with no mist collector at all. If air sampling shows mist above 0.4 mg/m³, you need respiratory protection under 29 CFR 1910.134, which drags in a written respiratory program, fit testing, and medical evaluation. That's a whole separate program. The cheaper fix is usually a portable mist collector on the worst machines.

For sump maintenance, add chemical-resistant gloves. "Chemical-resistant" is the operative word, because standard latex or nitrile exam gloves offer limited protection against some coolant formulations. Your SDS names the recommended glove material. Neoprene or thick nitrile (at least 6 mil) is common for water-soluble coolants. Add a face shield over safety glasses when you pull sumps ^[6].

For biocide addition, treat it like handling a chemical hazard, because it is one. Biocides are typically isothiazolinone or glutaraldehyde compounds. Wear gloves, eye protection, and work with ventilation running. The SDS for your biocide names the required PPE, and per 29 CFR 1910.1200 you have to follow it ^[11].

Document all of this in your written PPE hazard assessment, a separate one-to-two page document required by 29 CFR 1910.132(d). Many small shops skip it. Inspectors find that gap almost immediately.

What employee training does a cutting fluid program require?

Training comes from two standards: 29 CFR 1910.1200 (hazard communication training on the specific chemicals workers use) and 29 CFR 1910.132(f) (PPE training) ^[6]. Both require documented training, meaning you record who was trained, what was covered, and when.

For cutting fluids, training should cover:

• The health hazards of the fluids in use (skin disease, respiratory effects, the contamination pathway)
• How to read the SDS for each fluid product and where to find them
• Correct mixing ratios and why they matter
• How to check concentration with a refractometer and what to do with the result
• When to add biocide and how to do it safely
• Proper glove and eye protection selection and use
• Skin care: washing hands before breaks, not wiping hands on coolant-soaked rags, using barrier cream if recommended
• How to report a skin rash or respiratory symptom

Retrain when you bring in a new hazardous chemical, which 29 CFR 1910.1200 requires, and annually as good practice. Train new employees before they have any fluid exposure, not during the first week "when things slow down."

If your team needs broader safety footing alongside this, OSHA training resources and the OSHA 30 course cover general industry hazard recognition that pairs well with a fluid-specific program.

How do you handle biocides and does OSHA regulate them?

Biocides in metalworking fluids answer to two agencies. The EPA regulates them under FIFRA (the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act), and OSHA regulates worker exposure under 29 CFR 1910.1200 and 29 CFR 1910.1000 ^[7].

On the EPA side: any biocide you add to a coolant sump has to be a product registered under FIFRA for that use. Using an unregistered biocide, or using a registered one in a way the label doesn't permit, is an EPA violation. This trips up small shops because people improvise with household bleach or other disinfectants. Don't.

From OSHA's side, biocides are hazardous chemicals and the SDS governs. Common active ingredients like benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) are skin sensitizers and potential allergens. Formaldehyde-releasing biocides fall under 29 CFR 1910.1048 if workplace concentrations pass the action level of 0.5 ppm. For most small shops adding small volumes to large sumps, that isn't a practical concern, but check it if you dose often or heavily.

The practical protocol: add biocide off-shift or with ventilation running, wear gloves and eye protection, follow the label dosage exactly, and record the date, product, and amount in your fluid maintenance log. That log entry doubles as evidence of due diligence if an employee later claims a respiratory issue.

What records do you need to keep and for how long?

Cutting fluid recordkeeping sits where OSHA, EPA, and plain operational sense overlap. Here's what you actually need.

OSHA records:

• Written program itself: keep the current version plus any prior versions for at least 3 years after revision.
• Hazard communication training records: OSHA sets no specific retention period for HazCom training records, but industry practice is 3 years, and some state plans require longer.
• PPE hazard assessment (29 CFR 1910.132): no retention period in the standard, so treat it like the written program.
• Air monitoring results for MWF mist: 29 CFR 1910.1000 sets no specific retention period unless a substance-specific standard applies, but NIOSH recommends keeping exposure records for the duration of employment plus 30 years for substances with chronic health effects ^[8].
• Injury and illness records (OSHA 300/301): 5 years per 29 CFR 1904.33 ^[9].

Operational records (keep at least 3 years):

• Sump monitoring logs (concentration, pH, biocide additions)
• Sump changeout records (date, machine, disposal method, waste manifest number)
• Fluid purchase records (helps verify SDS currency)

Waste disposal records: Under EPA hazardous waste generator rules, keep manifests and disposal records for at least 3 years from the date of shipment ^[7]. Your state may require longer. If your used coolant is classified as hazardous waste (some are, depending on contamination), those disposal records matter a lot. File an incident report for any fluid-related injury and keep it with your OSHA 300 log records.

How do you handle sump cleanout and waste fluid disposal?

Sump cleanout is the highest-exposure task in cutting fluid management. Workers touch heavily contaminated fluid, chip sludge, and months of microbial growth. Do it right.

Before any sump work, apply lockout tagout to the machine so the coolant pump can't start. This is 29 CFR 1910.147 energy control, not optional ^[12].

Drain the sump into an approved container, never the floor drain. Most water-soluble coolant waste counts as non-hazardous industrial waste in many states, provided it hasn't picked up chlorinated cutting oils or heavy metals from the workpiece. But "most states" is not "your state." Check with your state environmental agency before you assume. EPA's Small Business Environmental Assistance Program (SBEAP) offers free compliance help and can answer this for your location without triggering an inspection ^[7].

Clean the sump walls with a pressure washer or brushes, pulling out chip fines and bio-sludge. Dispose of sludge as solid waste unless lab results say otherwise. Wipe down with a biocide solution labeled for that use. Let it air out before recharging with fresh mixed fluid.

Charge the sump water first, then concentrate. Verify concentration with a refractometer before the machine goes back in service.

Keep the waste manifest or disposal receipt. Your program should name who schedules disposal and which licensed hauler you use. Leave that unnamed and it never gets done consistently.

How do small shops get started writing this program without a consultant?

The biggest barrier for a 10-person machine shop is starting. Here's a realistic path.

Day 1 (two to three hours): Gather every SDS for every fluid product in the shop. Put them in one binder or shared folder. While you're at it, note each product's recommended concentration range and pH range. That data drops straight into your monitoring section.

Day 2 (two to three hours): Walk the shop and log every machine with a fluid sump. Note approximate sump size. Now you have your monitoring schedule: you know which machines need weekly checks and which need daily checks based on production volume.

Day 3 (three to four hours): Write the program using the seven-section structure above. Use your own data: your products, your sump sizes, your disposal contractor. A template helps. Generic templates from the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) ^[5] or NIOSH's MWF guidance ^[1] give you the technical parameters; you fill in the shop-specific details.

SafetyFolio's written program generator handles the structure and CFR cross-referencing, which is where most shop owners lose an hour. You answer questions about your operation and get a draft that matches your real setup.

Day 4: Train your machinists. No classroom needed. A 30-minute toolbox talk covering the hazards, monitoring procedures, PPE, and who to call with a question covers the core 1910.1200 requirement. Document it: names, date, topics, signatures.

Done. Revisit the written program any time you change fluid products or add equipment. Annual review is a reasonable floor.

What does a cutting fluid management program cost to implement?

The costs are equipment, consumables, and time. Here's an honest estimate for a shop with five to fifteen machines.

Equipment (one-time):

• Refractometer: $30 to $80 per unit. One per shift is plenty; you don't need one per machine.
• pH strips or digital pH meter: $10 to $50 for strips, $50 to $150 for a decent meter. Meters are faster and more consistent for daily use.
• Dip slides for microbial testing: $25 to $50 for a pack of 10 to 20 slides.
• Heavy-duty nitrile gloves (box of 100): $25 to $50.
• Eye protection and face shields: assume these already sit in your PPE inventory.

Consumables (annual):

• Test supplies (pH, refractometer solution): $100 to $300 per year depending on machine count.
• Biocide product: varies widely by sump volume and fluid type, but $200 to $600 per year is reasonable for a shop with 10 sumps.
• Waste disposal: the biggest variable. Licensed coolant waste haulers typically charge $0.25 to $1.00 per gallon for non-hazardous coolant pickup, plus a minimum service charge. A 100-gallon sump changeout might run $75 to $200 including the minimum.

Time:

• Writing the program: 8 to 16 hours from scratch, 2 to 4 hours with a good template.
• Weekly monitoring per machine: 5 minutes each. For 10 machines, under an hour a week.
• Annual training: 1 to 2 hours including documentation.

The cost of skipping it is harder to pin down, but a single OSHA citation under 29 CFR 1910.1200 for inadequate HazCom carries a penalty up to $16,550 for a serious violation as of 2024 ^[10]. One occupational dermatitis claim can run several thousand dollars in workers' compensation before anyone talks about litigation.

Frequently asked questions

Is a cutting fluid management program legally required for small machine shops?

OSHA has no single standard requiring a document called a 'cutting fluid management program.' But several standards, including 29 CFR 1910.1200 (hazard communication), 29 CFR 1910.132 (PPE), and the General Duty Clause, together require written programs covering most of what a good fluid program contains. One unified written program is the practical way to show compliance with all of them at once.

What is the OSHA exposure limit for metalworking fluid mist?

OSHA's permissible exposure limit for mineral oil mist under 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 is 5 mg/m³ as an 8-hour TWA. NIOSH's recommended exposure limit is 0.4 mg/m³ as thoracic particulate, the more protective target. Most industrial hygienists use the NIOSH REL as the benchmark because the OSHA PEL predates modern research on occupational lung disease.

How often should I change the coolant in my machine sumps?

There's no universal rule. Sump life depends on fluid type, machine usage, tramp oil ingress, and maintenance quality. A well-maintained sump with weekly concentration and pH checks, regular tramp oil skimming, and timely biocide additions can last one to several years. A neglected sump may need changeout in months. Triggers: biological contamination above roughly 10^6 CFU/mL, persistent pH below 8.0, or a rancid odor that biocide won't fix.

Do I need to conduct air monitoring for cutting fluid mist in my shop?

OSHA doesn't mandate air sampling for metalworking fluid mist unless a substance-specific standard triggers it (for example, formaldehyde at 29 CFR 1910.1048 if your biocide releases it). NIOSH strongly recommends periodic air monitoring to confirm exposures stay below 0.4 mg/m³. If you see visible mist, have poor ventilation, or hear respiratory complaints, sampling is overdue. Many state consultation programs conduct it free for small businesses.

What should I do if a worker develops a skin rash from cutting fluid?

Remove the worker from further exposure, document the incident on your OSHA 300 log if it meets recordable criteria under 29 CFR 1904, and refer them to a physician. Review fluid concentration (high concentration causes irritant contact dermatitis), check for microbial contamination, and confirm the gloves match the fluid chemistry. Recurrent dermatitis across multiple workers usually points to a sump maintenance problem, not individual sensitivity.

How do I dispose of used cutting fluid legally?

Used cutting fluid is a regulated waste. Most water-soluble coolant waste qualifies as non-hazardous industrial wastewater if it holds no listed hazardous substances, but this varies by state. Never discharge to a floor drain without a permitted treatment system. Use a licensed industrial waste hauler and keep manifests at least 3 years per EPA requirements. Your state's Small Business Environmental Assistance Program (SBEAP) gives state-specific guidance at no cost.

Can I add bleach or household disinfectants to control bacteria in my coolant sump?

No. Biocides added to metalworking fluid sumps must be registered under FIFRA (the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) for that specific use. Household bleach isn't. Beyond the legal problem, chlorine-based compounds can destabilize emulsified coolant, raise corrosion risk on machine surfaces, and create chlorinated byproducts that make disposal harder and pricier. Use only biocides your fluid supplier recommends that are labeled for metalworking fluid use.

What gloves are required when handling cutting fluids?

29 CFR 1910.138 requires glove selection based on the specific chemical hazards, contact duration, and tasks involved. Your fluid's SDS names compatible glove materials. Thick nitrile (6 mil or heavier) or neoprene covers most water-soluble coolant work. Standard exam-weight nitrile or latex offers limited protection for extended contact. Document your glove selection in the written PPE hazard assessment required by 29 CFR 1910.132(d).

Does a cutting fluid program need to address lockout/tagout?

Yes, in the sump maintenance section. Whenever a worker cleans a sump, removes a chip conveyor, or does anything that could expose them to unexpected coolant pump start-up or machine movement, energy control under 29 CFR 1910.147 applies. Your program should reference your lockout/tagout procedures for these tasks, even without reproducing the full LOTO program. Cross-referencing keeps both documents aligned.

What records do I need to keep for my cutting fluid management program?

Keep your written program and any revisions at least 3 years after revision. Keep sump monitoring logs (concentration, pH, biocide additions) and sump changeout records at least 3 years. Keep waste disposal manifests at least 3 years per EPA requirements. If you conduct air monitoring, retain those results for the duration of employment plus 30 years for substances linked to chronic disease, per NIOSH guidance. Injury records go on your OSHA 300 log and are kept 5 years under 29 CFR 1904.33.

How do I know if my cutting fluid concentration is correct?

Use a refractometer. Read the refractive index of a sample, then multiply by the fluid's refractometer factor (listed on the product's technical data sheet, usually 1.0 to 2.0 depending on formulation). The result is the actual concentration percentage. Compare it to your target range, usually 5% to 10% for water-soluble coolants, and always verify with your product's SDS or supplier sheet. Low concentration promotes bacterial growth; high concentration raises skin irritation risk.

What is the best way to control metalworking fluid mist in a small shop?

Engineering controls come first. Portable mist collectors mounted on individual machines are the most cost-effective option for small shops, running roughly $800 to $3,000 per unit depending on capacity. Enclosing the cutting zone, dropping coolant pressure, and lowering coolant temperature all reduce mist. If engineering controls can't get you below the NIOSH REL of 0.4 mg/m³, respiratory protection under 29 CFR 1910.134 becomes necessary, which requires its own written program, fit testing, and medical evaluation.

How do I write the training section of my cutting fluid management program?

Name who gets trained (all workers with fluid exposure), when (before first exposure and annually after), the format (toolbox talk, one-on-one, video plus discussion), and topics covered. Topics must include fluid hazards from the SDS, correct PPE use, concentration and pH monitoring, how to report symptoms, and skin care practices. Document each session with attendee names, date, topics, and trainer's name. This satisfies 29 CFR 1910.1200(h) and 29 CFR 1910.132(f).

Do I need a separate written respiratory protection program for cutting fluid mist?

Only if workers wear respirators. If your engineering controls (mist collectors, enclosures) keep mist below the action level and no one wears a respirator, you don't need a written respiratory protection program under 29 CFR 1910.134. If workers do wear respirators, even voluntarily, a written program is required, including medical evaluations, fit testing, and training. Voluntary use of filtering facepieces (dust masks) requires at minimum providing workers with OSHA's Appendix D information under 1910.134.

Sources

1. NIOSH, Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Metalworking Fluids (1998): NIOSH recommended exposure limit of 0.4 mg/m³ (thoracic particulate) for metalworking fluid mist, and identification of respiratory disease and skin disorders as recognized hazards
2. OSHA, OSH Act General Duty Clause and OSHA Standards (29 CFR 1910): General Duty Clause Section 5(a)(1) requires employers to keep workplaces free from recognized hazards; multiple 1910 standards apply to cutting fluid management
3. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants, Table Z-1: OSHA PEL for mineral oil mist is 5 mg/m³ as an 8-hour TWA
4. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Injuries and Illnesses in the United States: Manufacturing sector records among the highest rates of occupational skin disease and respiratory illness in BLS annual survey data
5. Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE), Metalworking Fluids Education Program: Recommended concentration ranges, pH targets (8.5 to 9.5), and monitoring protocols for water-soluble metalworking fluids
6. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.132, 1910.138 Personal Protective Equipment: Written PPE hazard assessment required under 1910.132(d); hand protection selection based on chemical hazards required under 1910.138
7. EPA, Managing Industrial Waste and Small Business Environmental Assistance: Used coolant disposal is regulated; FIFRA governs biocide use; hazardous waste manifests must be retained at least 3 years
8. NIOSH, Occupational Exposure Records and Surveillance Guidance: NIOSH recommends retaining occupational exposure records for duration of employment plus 30 years for substances with chronic health effects
9. OSHA, 29 CFR 1904.33 Recordkeeping Retention: OSHA injury and illness records must be retained for 5 years
10. OSHA, Penalties and Enforcement (2024 penalty adjustments): Maximum penalty for a serious OSHA violation is $16,550 per violation as of 2024
11. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication Standard: Requires SDS access for all hazardous chemicals, training before exposure, and annual retraining when new hazards are introduced
12. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.147 Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout): Energy control procedures required when workers perform sump cleaning or maintenance tasks on machines