OSHA requirements for a small electrical contractor

Last updated 2026-07-09

Which OSHA standards actually apply to a small electrical contractor?

More standards than most small contractors expect. That's the honest short answer.

Electrical contractors sit at an awkward intersection of OSHA's rules. If your crews work at a fixed shop or service location, General Industry standards (29 CFR Part 1910) apply. If they work on construction sites, Construction standards (29 CFR Part 1926) apply. Many small shops do both, which means you're operating under two separate regulatory frameworks in the same week.

The core electrical safety standards you'll deal with are:

• 29 CFR 1910.331-335: Electrical safety-related work practices (general industry)
• 29 CFR 1926.400-449: Electrical construction standards
• 29 CFR 1910.147: The Control of Hazardous Energy (lockout/tagout)
• 29 CFR 1910.132-138: Personal protective equipment
• 29 CFR 1910.1200: Hazard communication (for any chemicals your crew uses)
• 29 CFR 1926.502: Fall protection systems (for work at height)
• 29 CFR 1910.134: Respiratory protection (if your crew works in confined spaces or dusty panels)

OSHA also enforces NFPA 70E as a de facto reference standard for electrical hazards, even though it isn't directly codified in CFR. If your workers are exposed to arc flash, inspectors will look at whether your program reflects current NFPA 70E requirements. ^[1]

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 126 fatal occupational injuries in the electrical trade in 2022, and electrocution ranks among the top four causes of construction fatalities year after year. ^[2] That risk profile is exactly why OSHA points heavy enforcement resources at electrical contractors.

What written safety programs does an electrical contractor need?

Written programs are where most small electrical shops fall short. The rule of thumb: if OSHA requires training on a topic, there's almost certainly a written program requirement attached.

Here are the written programs a typical small electrical contractor needs:

Written Program	OSHA Standard	Who Needs It
Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) Program	29 CFR 1910.147	Any employer whose workers service or maintain energized equipment
Electrical Safety Work Practices Program	29 CFR 1910.331-335	Any employer with workers exposed to electrical hazards
Hazard Communication Program	29 CFR 1910.1200	Any employer using hazardous chemicals
PPE Hazard Assessment & Program	29 CFR 1910.132	Any employer requiring workers to use PPE
Emergency Action Plan	29 CFR 1910.38	Employers with 10+ employees (recommended for all)
Fall Protection Plan	29 CFR 1926.502	Construction work above 6 feet
Respiratory Protection Program	29 CFR 1910.134	If respirators are used voluntarily or required
Confined Space Entry Program	29 CFR 1910.146	If workers enter vaults, manholes, or other permit spaces

Running a 3-person shop? You can skip the respiratory protection program unless your guys actually wear respirators. But lockout/tagout, electrical safety work practices, hazard com, and PPE are non-negotiable from day one. ^[3]

Writing these from scratch eats real time. SafetyFolio's safety program generator lets you build a compliant set in about 15 minutes by answering questions about your specific work, instead of decoding CFR language yourself.

One more thing: written programs must be site-specific. A generic template you downloaded and never customized is nearly as risky as having nothing. OSHA inspectors read these documents. They know when the company name is the only thing that changed.

What are the lockout/tagout requirements for electrical contractors?

Lockout/tagout (LOTO) is probably the single most enforced standard for electrical contractors. 29 CFR 1910.147 requires a written energy control program, documented procedures for each type of equipment or circuit your workers service, and training for every authorized and affected employee. ^[3]

The written program must cover the scope of the program, rules for using energy control procedures, how procedures are enforced, and what happens when employees transfer between jobs or tasks.

Equipment-specific procedures are the part most small shops skip. You need a separate documented procedure for each machine or circuit type your workers de-energize, unless OSHA's narrow exception applies: the equipment has a single energy source, the lockout point is clearly visible, no stored or residual energy exists, and the employee keeps sole control of their lock. If even one of those conditions isn't met, you need a written procedure. ^[3]

Training must cover three groups:

• Authorized employees (the ones who actually apply locks): full training on the energy control procedure
• Affected employees (the ones who operate or work near equipment being serviced): must know when and why equipment is locked out
• Other employees (anyone else in the area): basic awareness that locked equipment must not be operated

Retraining is required whenever there's reason to believe an employee doesn't understand the procedure, when procedures change, or when annual inspections reveal deficiencies. On that point, 1910.147(c)(6) requires an annual periodic inspection of each energy control procedure, conducted by an authorized employee other than the one using it. ^[3]

For a deeper look at building this program, see our guide to lockout tagout requirements and documentation.

LOTO violations consistently appear in OSHA's top 10 most-cited standards. The penalty for a serious violation is currently capped at $16,131 per violation, and a willful or repeated violation can reach $161,323. ^[4]

What PPE does OSHA require for electrical workers?

PPE requirements for electrical workers come from two places: 29 CFR 1910.132 (general PPE requirements, including the hazard assessment) and 29 CFR 1910.335 (specific PPE for electrical work). Construction electrical work also pulls from 29 CFR 1926.95-96.

29 CFR 1910.335(a)(1)(i) states that "employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards shall be provided with, and shall use, electrical protective equipment that is appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed." ^[5]

In practice, that means:

• Insulating rubber gloves (rated for the voltage class being worked on)
• Voltage-rated tools for any work on or near energized conductors
• Arc flash PPE when the incident energy analysis or PPE category method under NFPA 70E indicates a hazard
• Safety glasses or face shields for arc flash exposure
• Flame-resistant (FR) or arc-rated (AR) clothing when arc flash risk exists
• Hard hats rated for electrical hazards (Class E, rated to 20,000 volts)

The hazard assessment requirement under 29 CFR 1910.132(d) means you have to document which tasks require which PPE, certify you performed the assessment, and keep that record. You can't just hand someone gloves and call it done.

Glove testing is its own compliance issue. OSHA requires rubber insulating gloves to be tested by an accredited laboratory every six months under 29 CFR 1910.137(b)(2)(viii). ^[5] Most small shops miss this because they don't realize the periodic testing requirement exists.

For more on building a compliant PPE program, our hazard communication article covers the assessment documentation angle that overlaps with PPE programs.

What training does OSHA require for electrical workers?

Training requirements for electrical contractors come from multiple standards, and each has different delivery and documentation rules.

29 CFR 1910.332 requires training for all employees who face a risk of electric shock that is not reduced to a safe level. Unqualified workers need to understand how to distinguish exposed live parts, know the voltage of live parts they may be exposed to, and know the minimum approach distances. ^[6]

Qualified workers (those permitted to work on or near exposed energized parts) need more: the skills to determine nominal voltage, minimum approach distances for systems they work on, special precautionary techniques, and how to use PPE and insulated tools. ^[6]

OSHA doesn't specify a minimum number of hours for electrical safety training, which creates real ambiguity. The practical standard is competence-based, not hour-based. Your training records need to show the employee can actually do the task safely, more than that they sat through a video.

OSHA 10 and OSHA 30 courses aren't required by any specific OSHA standard, but they're widely recognized in construction contracting as evidence of basic safety awareness. Many general contractors require an OSHA 30 card as a condition of site access. If your crew does commercial or industrial work on general contractor job sites, getting supervisors and foremen through an OSHA 30 training course is money well spent.

Training records must be maintained and available for OSHA inspection. At minimum, document the employee's name, the date of training, and the subject matter. For LOTO, you must be able to show that each authorized employee was trained on each specific energy control procedure they use. ^[3]

Here's the area people overlook most. Qualified person status under 29 CFR 1910.399 is not a certification you buy. It's a determination your company makes, in writing, based on demonstrated skills and knowledge. You need to document how you decided a worker is a qualified person.

Do small electrical contractors need to comply with arc flash requirements?

This is the question that generates the most confusion. The honest answer: it depends on what work your crew does, but the risk is real and OSHA will cite you if someone gets hurt and your program didn't address it.

OSHA doesn't have a single standard labeled "arc flash." Arc flash compliance comes primarily from 29 CFR 1910.333(a)(1), which requires that live parts an employee may be exposed to shall be deenergized before the employee works on or near them, unless the employer can demonstrate that deenergizing creates a greater hazard or is infeasible. ^[6]

When energized work is permitted, 29 CFR 1910.335 kicks in and requires appropriate PPE. OSHA's enforcement policy uses NFPA 70E as the technical reference for determining what PPE is appropriate for a given arc flash exposure. An OSHA letter of interpretation from 2003 confirmed that NFPA 70E is an acceptable method for determining appropriate PPE for electrical work. ^[1]

Practically speaking:

• Any work on energized equipment above 50 volts requires a hazard assessment
• Incident energy analysis or the PPE category method in NFPA 70E Table 130.7(C)(15) determines the required PPE
• An energized electrical work permit is required for any work inside the restricted approach boundary of energized parts (again per NFPA 70E, which OSHA treats as the benchmark)

For most small electrical contractors doing residential rough-in or commercial tenant improvement work, arc flash exposure shows up mainly during panel work, switchgear work, and service entrance work on commercial buildings. If your workers ever open a live panel, this applies to them.

What fall protection rules apply to electrical contractors?

Electrical work routinely happens at height: on ladders, aerial lifts, scaffolding, rooftops, and elevated platforms. Fall protection rules depend on whether the work counts as construction or general industry.

For construction (29 CFR 1926.502), the trigger height is 6 feet. Workers on walking/working surfaces with a drop of 6 feet or more need fall protection: guardrails, personal fall arrest systems, or safety nets. ^[7]

For general industry (29 CFR 1910.28), the trigger height is 4 feet for most walking/working surfaces.

Ladder safety is its own subpart. 29 CFR 1926.1053 (construction) and 29 CFR 1910.23 (general industry) both require that portable ladders extend at least 3 feet above the landing, sit at the correct angle (1:4 ratio for straight ladders), get inspected before each use, and never serve as a horizontal surface. Workers must keep three points of contact.

Aerial work platforms (bucket trucks, boom lifts, scissor lifts) fall under 29 CFR 1926.453 for construction. Operators need training. Personal fall arrest systems must be worn when working from a boom-supported aerial device.

Falls are the leading cause of death in construction, accounting for 395 of 1,069 construction fatalities in 2022, per BLS data. ^[2] Electrical contractors aren't exempt from this exposure just because electricity is their primary hazard.

What are the OSHA recordkeeping requirements for electrical contractors?

OSHA's recordkeeping rule under 29 CFR 1904 applies to employers with 11 or more employees in most industries. If you have 10 or fewer employees, you're partially exempt from the routine injury recordkeeping requirements, but you are NOT exempt from reporting requirements. ^[8]

Every employer, regardless of size, must report to OSHA:

• Any work-related fatality within 8 hours
• Any work-related in-patient hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye within 24 hours ^[8]

You can report by calling 1-800-321-OSHA, calling the nearest OSHA area office, or using OSHA's online reporting portal.

If you have 11 or more employees, you must maintain OSHA Form 300 (Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses), OSHA Form 300A (Summary), and OSHA Form 301 (Incident Report) for each recordable injury or illness. The 300A summary must be posted in your workplace from February 1 through April 30 each year. ^[8]

For construction contractors specifically, the recording and reporting requirements apply based on total company headcount, not job-site headcount. A 12-person electrical contracting firm with crews split across three sites is still subject to full recordkeeping requirements.

For guidance on what triggers a recordable event and how to fill out the forms, our incident report guide walks through the determination process.

Records must be kept for five years and must be made available to OSHA inspectors, employees, former employees, and their representatives on request.

How does OSHA enforcement work for small electrical contractors?

Most small electrical contractors first meet OSHA enforcement one of three ways: a worker files a complaint, an inspector shows up at a job site during a programmed inspection, or an injury triggers an investigation.

OSHA runs a National Emphasis Program (NEP) on the construction industry, and electrical hazards are a recurring target. Programmed inspections, where inspectors choose sites without a specific complaint, aim at high-hazard industries. Electrical work is on that list. ^[9]

When an inspector arrives, they'll typically ask to see your written programs first. No written LOTO program is an immediate red flag. Then they'll watch the work: are workers using proper PPE, are lockout procedures being followed, is there GFCI protection on temporary power at construction sites.

Violation categories and maximum penalties as of January 2024:

Violation Type	Maximum Penalty
Other-than-serious	$16,131 per violation
Serious	$16,131 per violation
Willful or Repeated	$161,323 per violation
Failure to Abate	$16,131 per day

Penalty amounts can be reduced for small employers (under 25 employees gets a 60% reduction, 26-100 employees gets a 40% reduction), good faith, and history of compliance. ^[4] Small shops genuinely do get reduced penalties, but the reduction only applies after the violation is cited. You still have to comply with the standard.

If you operate in a state-plan state (California, Michigan, Washington, Oregon, and 20+ others), your state OSHA program must be at least as effective as federal OSHA but can be stricter. Cal/OSHA, for example, has higher penalty caps and more aggressive enforcement than federal OSHA. ^[10]

What are the OSHA requirements for electrical contractors working on construction sites?

When your crew works on a construction site under a general contractor, the construction standards (29 CFR Part 1926) apply. Several of these differ meaningfully from the general industry equivalents.

Temporary power is a big one. 29 CFR 1926.404(b) requires ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protection for all 120-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacle outlets used at construction sites. This isn't optional. ^[11] A GFCI protection program using an assured equipment grounding conductor is an alternative, but it requires documented testing and records. Most small contractors find GFCI protection simpler.

Extension cords at construction sites must be the grounded type (three-wire) and must be inspected before each day's use. Damaged cords come out of service immediately. This sounds obvious, but it's a frequent citation.

The multi-employer worksite policy matters here. Under OSHA's multi-employer citation policy, an electrical subcontractor can be cited as the "creating employer" for a hazard they created, even if a general contractor's workers are exposed. You can also be cited as an "exposing employer" if your own workers face a hazard created by someone else. This matters because your compliance obligations don't disappear just because a GC is on site. ^[12]

OSHA 10 cards aren't technically required by CFR, but as mentioned above, many GCs require them. Getting your crew through OSHA training is a practical business necessity for commercial construction work.

Some state plans require OSHA 10 for certain construction workers. California, for example, has proposals in various stages. Check your state OSHA website to confirm current requirements in your jurisdiction.

How much does OSHA compliance actually cost a small electrical contractor?

Nobody has perfect data on total compliance cost for small electrical contractors specifically. The closest estimates come from the Small Business Administration's regulatory cost analyses and OSHA's own impact analyses for individual rules, which vary a lot by standard.

Here are the concrete costs a 5-10 person electrical shop should budget:

Training costs: OSHA 10 courses run roughly $50-100 per person for online delivery. OSHA 30 runs $150-200. Lockout/tagout-specific training from a third party can run $200-500 for a group session. Annual refreshers and documentation time add up.

PPE costs: A proper set of electrical PPE (Class 00 rubber gloves, leather protectors, voltage-rated tools, arc flash PPE at the right calorie rating) for one worker runs $300-800 depending on voltage class and arc flash exposure level. Glove retesting is $10-15 per pair every six months from most accredited labs.

Written programs: A consultant to write custom programs typically charges $1,500-5,000 for a full package. Doing it yourself with a solid template costs time, maybe 15-20 hours if you're reading and interpreting standards as you go.

Inspection and testing: GFCI testers, insulation resistance testers, and voltage detectors aren't safety program costs exactly, but they're required for compliant operations.

The real cost comparison is against OSHA penalties. A single serious violation at $16,131, reduced 60% for small employer status, is still $6,452. That buys a lot of training and PPE. ^[4]

For the written programs specifically, SafetyFolio's generator is built to cut that 15-20 hour writing effort down hard for exactly this type of shop.

What should an electrical contractor do first to get OSHA compliant?

Starting from zero? Here's an honest priority order.

First, do a hazard assessment of your actual work. Walk through the tasks your crew does every week. What are the real exposures: energized panel work, working at height, confined spaces, chemical use, hand tools? Write down what you find. This assessment is the foundation of every written program you'll build.

Second, write your lockout/tagout program and equipment-specific procedures. It's the most enforced standard for electrical work and the most likely to end in a fatal injury if neglected. This one can't wait.

Third, write your electrical safety work practices program and PPE program. Get your PPE hazard assessment documented.

Fourth, train your people. Training without documentation doesn't exist from OSHA's perspective. Use sign-in sheets, quiz results, or a written certification. Keep the records.

Fifth, set up your reporting obligations. Know the OSHA area office phone number. Know that a hospitalization requires a 24-hour report. Post the OSHA "Job Safety and Health: It's the Law" poster in your shop and on any fixed work location. ^[13]

OSHA's free On-Site Consultation Program, available in every state, sends a consultant to review your workplace at no charge and with no penalty risk. The consultant's visit is confidential and separate from enforcement. For a small shop that's never been inspected, this is genuinely useful. ^[14]

Then reassess every year, or whenever you take on a new type of work. Adding substation work, high-voltage systems, or confined space entry changes your compliance picture substantially.

Frequently asked questions

Does a 1-person or 2-person electrical contractor have to follow OSHA rules?

Yes. OSHA's regulations cover employers with even one employee. The only exception is true self-employed sole proprietors with no employees at all. As soon as you hire a worker, OSHA's employer requirements apply: you need written programs, PPE, and trained workers. Some recordkeeping rules exempt employers with 10 or fewer employees, but training and written program requirements don't have a size exemption.

What is the most commonly cited OSHA violation for electrical contractors?

Lockout/tagout (29 CFR 1910.147) appears in OSHA's top 10 most-cited standards nearly every year and is particularly common in the electrical trade. Electrical safety work practices (29 CFR 1910.333) and PPE (29 CFR 1910.132) are also frequent citations. At construction sites, ground-fault protection failures (29 CFR 1926.404) are a common finding during inspections.

Do electrical contractors need to comply with NFPA 70E?

NFPA 70E is not directly codified in OSHA's regulations, but OSHA uses it as the technical benchmark for evaluating arc flash PPE and energized work procedures. A 2003 OSHA letter of interpretation confirmed this. In practice, if your workers do energized electrical work and you can't show your PPE selection process follows NFPA 70E, an inspector will consider your program deficient. Treat NFPA 70E as a compliance requirement.

How often do electrical workers need to be retrained on lockout/tagout?

29 CFR 1910.147 doesn't set a fixed retraining interval, but it requires retraining when a periodic inspection reveals inadequate knowledge, when a procedure changes, or when an employee's behavior suggests they don't understand the procedure. Annual inspections of each energy control procedure are required, and if those inspections find gaps, retraining follows. Most compliance professionals recommend annual training as a practical baseline.

What records does an electrical contractor need to keep for OSHA?

Key records include: written safety programs (no expiration, keep current), training records (name, date, subject, retain at least 3 years for most standards, 5 years for injury logs), PPE hazard assessment certifications, LOTO periodic inspection certifications, and OSHA 300/300A/301 forms if you have 11 or more employees. Injury and illness records must be kept for 5 years.

What is the OSHA requirement for rubber insulating gloves used by electricians?

29 CFR 1910.137(b)(2)(viii) requires rubber insulating gloves to be tested by an accredited laboratory at intervals not exceeding six months. Gloves that fail inspection or are past their test date must be removed from service. The standard also requires gloves to be inspected before each use for defects. Class rating must match or exceed the maximum voltage the worker may be exposed to.

Do electrical contractors need a confined space program?

If your workers enter vaults, manholes, underground pull boxes, or other spaces that meet OSHA's definition of a permit-required confined space (limited entry/exit, not designed for continuous occupancy, and containing a serious hazard), then yes. 29 CFR 1910.146 requires a written permit space program, entry permits, trained attendants and entrants, and rescue procedures. Electrical workers enter permit spaces regularly, especially in commercial and utility work.

What OSHA poster is required in an electrical contractor's shop?

The OSHA "Job Safety and Health: It's the Law" poster (OSHA 3165) must be displayed in a conspicuous location where employees can see it. It's free from OSHA. State-plan state employers must post the state equivalent instead. Failure to post is a violation, though OSHA typically issues a de minimis or other-than-serious citation for it rather than a large penalty.

What is the OSHA fine for not having a lockout/tagout program?

A serious violation of 29 CFR 1910.147 for not having a written lockout/tagout program carries a maximum penalty of $16,131 as of 2024. Small employers with under 25 employees can receive up to a 60% reduction, bringing it to roughly $6,452. Willful or repeated violations can reach $161,323. Each instance of a missing procedure or untrained employee can be cited as a separate violation.

Are OSHA 10 or OSHA 30 cards required for electrical contractors?

No federal OSHA standard requires OSHA 10 or OSHA 30 cards for electrical workers. However, many general contractors require them as a condition of site access on commercial and industrial construction jobs. Some state and local jurisdictions have enacted their own requirements. For supervisors and foremen, an OSHA 30 is a practical necessity for commercial work and shows safety program oversight capability.

How does OSHA's multi-employer citation policy affect electrical subcontractors?

Under OSHA's multi-employer worksite policy, an electrical subcontractor can be cited as the creating employer if they introduced a hazard, even if another employer's workers were exposed. They can also be cited as the exposing employer if their own workers face hazards created by others that they failed to address or report to the GC. Your compliance obligations don't end at your own crew's tasks.

What is the difference between a qualified and unqualified electrical worker under OSHA?

29 CFR 1910.399 defines a qualified person as one trained and knowledgeable about the construction and operation of electrical equipment and installations, and instructed in the safety hazards involved. The determination is made by the employer, must be documented, and is task and voltage-specific. Unqualified workers have stricter approach distance limits and cannot perform energized work. It's not a certification you buy but a written determination your company makes.

What OSHA standards apply when an electrical contractor works for a utility company?

Electrical work performed by or for utilities may fall under 29 CFR 1910.269, OSHA's Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution standard, rather than the general electrical safety standards. 1910.269 has different qualified worker requirements, approach distances, and PPE specifications. If your crew does utility construction or maintenance work, confirm which standard applies with the utility or your OSHA area office before starting work.

Sources

1. OSHA Letter of Interpretation, NFPA 70E as compliance guide for 1910.333: OSHA confirmed in a 2003 letter of interpretation that NFPA 70E is an acceptable method for determining appropriate PPE for electrical work under 29 CFR 1910.335
2. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries 2022: BLS reported 126 fatal occupational injuries in the electrical trade and 395 fall fatalities out of 1,069 total construction fatalities in 2022
3. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.147 The Control of Hazardous Energy: Lockout/tagout requires a written energy control program, equipment-specific procedures, training for authorized and affected employees, and annual periodic inspection of each procedure
4. OSHA, Penalties page: Maximum penalty for a serious or other-than-serious violation is $16,131; willful or repeated violations reach $161,323 as of 2024; small employers receive penalty reductions
5. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.335 Safeguards for personnel protection: 29 CFR 1910.335(a)(1)(i) requires employees working near electrical hazards to use electrical protective equipment appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed; 1910.137 requires rubber glove testing every six months
6. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.332 Training for electrical safety work practices: 1910.332 requires training for all employees exposed to electrical shock hazards; qualified workers need skills in voltage determination, minimum approach distances, PPE, and insulated tools; 1910.333 requires deenergizing live parts before work unless infeasible
7. OSHA, 29 CFR 1926.502 Fall protection systems criteria: Construction workers need fall protection at 6 feet; fall protection systems include guardrails, personal fall arrest systems, and safety nets
8. OSHA, Recordkeeping rule 29 CFR 1904 overview: All employers regardless of size must report fatalities within 8 hours and hospitalizations, amputations, or eye loss within 24 hours; employers with 11+ employees must maintain OSHA 300, 300A, and 301 forms
9. OSHA, Enforcement and National Emphasis Programs: OSHA runs National Emphasis Programs and programmed inspections that target high-hazard construction work, including electrical hazards
10. OSHA, State Plans page: State-plan states must have programs at least as effective as federal OSHA; states including California, Michigan, Washington, and Oregon operate their own programs and can impose stricter requirements and higher penalties
11. OSHA, 29 CFR 1926.404 Wiring design and protection: 1926.404(b) requires GFCI protection for all 120-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacle outlets used at construction sites
12. OSHA, Multi-employer citation policy (CPL 02-00-124): OSHA's multi-employer worksite policy allows citation of creating and exposing employers; an electrical subcontractor can be cited for hazards they created even if another employer's workers are exposed
13. OSHA, Workplace Poster page: OSHA's free 'Job Safety and Health: It's the Law' poster (OSHA 3165) must be displayed in a conspicuous location where employees can see it
14. OSHA, On-Site Consultation Program: OSHA's free On-Site Consultation Program sends a consultant to review workplaces without penalty risk; visits are confidential and separate from enforcement