Machine guarding checklist for small manufacturing shops

Last updated 2026-07-09

Why does machine guarding keep showing up on OSHA's top-ten citation list?

Machine guarding has landed in OSHA's top ten most-cited standards every year for at least the past decade. In federal fiscal year 2023, the agency issued 1,644 citations under 29 CFR 1910.212 alone, making it the seventh most-cited standard across all industries. ^[1] And that count leaves out the machine-specific standards for saws, presses, and mills that stack on top.

The reason is simple. Rotating parts, cutting edges, and reciprocating mechanisms are everywhere in manufacturing, and a guard is the first thing a worker pulls off when it feels like it slows the job down. A small shop running a grinder, a drill press, a bandsaw, and a lathe has four separate hazard categories to manage before lunch.

BLS data shows that contact with objects and equipment, the category that includes machine contact injuries, accounted for roughly 23% of all private-sector nonfatal occupational injuries involving days away from work in recent years. ^[2] Amputations alone carry a median of 31 days away from work per incident. ^[2] For a five-person shop, one amputation can end a company.

The other reason guarding gets cited so often is the language of the standard itself. It is broad on purpose. 29 CFR 1910.212(a)(1) says: "One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks." ^[3] That single sentence covers almost every machine on your floor, and inspectors use it as a catch-all when something dangerous is exposed and no specific standard fits.

What machines in a small shop actually require guarding under OSHA rules?

Any machine that presents a recognized hazard requires guarding. That is the short answer. The practical answer is longer.

29 CFR 1910.212 is the general standard, and it covers every machine that a machine-specific rule does not. On top of it, OSHA has standards for particular equipment: woodworking machinery (29 CFR 1910.213), abrasive wheel machinery like bench grinders (29 CFR 1910.215), mills and calenders in rubber and plastic (29 CFR 1910.216), mechanical power presses (29 CFR 1910.217), and mechanical power transmission apparatus, meaning belts, gears, shafts, and sprockets (29 CFR 1910.219). ^[3]

Here is the practical breakdown for a typical small metalworking or woodworking shop:

Machine	Governing Standard	Key Guarding Requirement
Bench/angle grinder	29 CFR 1910.215	Adjustable tongue guard, work rest max 1/8" from wheel
Table saw	29 CFR 1910.213	Spreader/riving knife, blade guard, anti-kickback fingers
Drill press	29 CFR 1910.212	Chuck guard, spindle guard on production use
Lathe	29 CFR 1910.212	Chuck guard, guard on leadscrew and carriage
Belt/chain drives	29 CFR 1910.219	Fully enclosed or guarded to 7 feet from floor
Mechanical press	29 CFR 1910.217	Point-of-operation guard or device (type varies by cycle)
Bandsaw	29 CFR 1910.213	Blade guard adjustable to within 1/4" of material
Horizontal milling machine	29 CFR 1910.212	Cutter guard, chip deflector

If a machine is not on any of those lists, 1910.212 still applies. No machine in your shop is exempt from the general duty to guard recognized hazards.

What are the five types of machine guards and which one should you use?

OSHA's general standard does not mandate one specific guarding method. It requires that you use one that works. The agency's own compliance guidance describes five main approaches. ^[4]

Fixed guards are permanent barriers attached to the machine frame. They are the preferred solution wherever production does not need frequent access to the guarded area. Cheap, durable, hard to defeat. Use them on power transmission components (belts, gears, shafts) and on point-of-operation zones where the stock feeds automatically.

Interlocked guards connect to the machine's power circuit so the machine stops or cannot start when the guard is open. You see them on larger CNC equipment and power presses. They cost more to install, but they are the right call when operators have to reach into the guarded zone during setups.

Adjustable guards can be repositioned to accommodate different stock sizes. The bandsaw blade guard that slides up and down is the classic example. They work, but they demand training, because a guard set wrong can be worse than none at all.

Self-adjusting guards move out of the way as material enters the danger zone and spring back when the material is gone. The floating blade cover on a table saw is a common version. Low maintenance. Workers still yank them off when they get in the way of a non-standard cut.

Devices (not guards, but accepted alternatives at the point of operation) include two-hand controls, pullback and restraint devices, presence-sensing mats, and light curtains. These are the right answer for mechanical power presses under 29 CFR 1910.217 where a fixed guard would block the work. They need formal setup, inspection, and documentation.

For most small shops, fixed guards on power transmission components paired with adjustable or self-adjusting guards at points of operation cover about 80% of the exposure. Two-hand controls and light curtains belong on high-cycle presses. They do not belong on a manual drill press.

Machine guarding inspection checklist: what to check on each machine

Work through this checklist machine by machine. Check every item every time you run a formal inspection. OSHA does not set an inspection frequency in 29 CFR 1910.212, but industry practice and most insurance carriers expect at least monthly formal checks, with operators doing a pre-shift walk-around daily. ^[4]

Power transmission components (all machines)

• All belts, chains, gears, and sprockets within 7 feet of the floor have enclosing guards ^[3]
• Guards are fastened securely and cannot be removed without a tool
• No exposed shaft ends, keyways, or set screws anywhere accessible
• Guards are free of cracks, bent panels, or missing fasteners

Point of operation (cutting, forming, and shaping machines)

• A guard or guarding device is in place and adjusted to the material being run
• The opening in the guard is sized so fingers cannot reach into the danger zone (OSHA uses the "opening size" table from ANSI B11 to specify safe distances)
• Adjustable guards are set as close to the work as possible, not left fully open
• On powered saws: spreader/riving knife is present, anti-kickback devices are in place and in contact with the stock

Abrasive wheels (bench grinders, pedestal grinders)

• Work rest gap is 1/8 inch or less from the wheel surface ^[3]
• Tongue guard (safety piece) gap is 1/4 inch or less from the wheel
• Wheel speed does not exceed the wheel's marked maximum RPM
• Wheel is dressed and free of cracks (ring test performed at installation)
• Eye shields are in place (this does not replace face protection for the operator)

Mechanical power presses (29 CFR 1910.217)

• Point-of-operation device is appropriate for the stroke and cycle type
• Two-hand controls require concurrent operation and have an anti-tie-down feature
• Presence-sensing devices are functioning and tested per manufacturer specs
• Die-setting procedures are documented and followed ^[3]

General machine condition

• Emergency stops are accessible and tested
• Controls are labeled and positioned so accidental start is not possible
• Floor around the machine is clear of cuttings, coolant, and trip hazards
• Machine is anchored or positioned so it cannot move during operation (29 CFR 1910.212(b) requires machines designed for fixed location to be anchored) ^[3]

Lockout/tagout coordination

• Energy control procedures exist for each machine (29 CFR 1910.147)
• Guards that must be removed for maintenance can only be removed after lockout is applied
• See our full lockout tagout coverage for the specific program requirements

Write down what you find. An undocumented inspection never happened in OSHA's eyes.

What are the most common machine guarding violations OSHA actually cites?

OSHA's citation data and enforcement case summaries show that violations in small manufacturing cluster into a few patterns. ^[1]

Unguarded power transmission. Belt drives, chain drives, and rotating shafts where somebody pulled the guard to fix a problem and never put it back. This is the single most common category. The guard comes off during maintenance, the machine goes back in service, and the guard sits on a shelf.

Grinder work rest and tongue guard gaps. Bench grinder work rests drift past the 1/8-inch limit as the wheel wears and nobody readjusts them. The wheel is smaller now, the gap is half an inch, and a wheel failure becomes an amputation instead of a near-miss.

No point-of-operation guard on a drill press. Production drill presses lose their chuck guards because operators find them annoying during bit changes. They rarely go back on. OSHA calls out rotating drill press chucks by name in its compliance guidance.

Table saw without a spreader or anti-kickback device. Spreaders come off for dado cuts and never get reinstalled. Kickback is one of the leading mechanisms of table saw injury.

Inadequate guarding on ingoing nip points. Feed rollers on planers, slitters, and calenders create a nip-point hazard that is easy to miss, because the pinch zone is not always visible during normal running.

One more trips up small shops: 29 CFR 1910.219(c)(4) requires that all exposed parts of horizontal shafting seven feet or less from the floor be guarded. ^[3] A bare line shaft running overhead at six feet is a violation even if you have never had an incident.

How much can OSHA fine you for machine guarding violations?

For penalties assessed after January 15, 2024, the maximum for a serious violation is $16,131. ^[5] Willful or repeat violations can reach $161,323 each. OSHA adjusts these limits every year for inflation under the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act.

The real math for a small shop looks different from those headline numbers. OSHA runs a penalty adjustment formula that cuts the base penalty for small employer size. A business with 25 or fewer employees gets a 60% reduction; 26 to 100 employees gets 40%. ^[5] Even so, a single serious citation covering three instances of the same violation, each assessed separately, can run $10,000 to $20,000 after reductions for a 20-person shop.

A catastrophic injury (hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye) triggers mandatory reporting to OSHA within 24 hours for amputations and eye loss, or 8 hours for the inpatient hospitalization of any worker. ^[5] That report almost always triggers an inspection. An amputation at an unguarded machine will draw a willful citation if OSHA finds the employer knew the guard was missing, which is the case any time a supervisor could have seen the unguarded machine during normal operations.

The incident report process, including 300 log recordkeeping, is a separate requirement, but it connects directly here: a machine-contact injury recorded on your 300 log becomes evidence of a recognized hazard if OSHA inspects later.

Do employees need training on machine guarding, and what does it have to cover?

Yes. 29 CFR 1910.212 does not include an explicit training paragraph the way some standards do, but OSHA's general duty clause (Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act) and the machine-specific standards fill that gap. Mechanical power press operators, for example, must be trained under 29 CFR 1910.217(f)(2) on "the hazards of each press operation" and the proper use of guarding devices. ^[3]

For the general standard, OSHA's enforcement case history makes the expectation clear: operators must know why the guard is there, how to check it before use, and what to do when it is missing or damaged. That is not a high bar. But it has to be documented.

At minimum, machine-specific training should cover:

• The hazard the guard protects against (more than "keep the guard on")
• How to inspect the guard before each shift
• Who to notify and what to do if a guard is missing, broken, or bypassed
• The lockout/tagout procedure for that specific machine before any maintenance or guard removal
• The prohibition on defeating, removing, or bypassing guards without authorization

For operators running high-hazard equipment like presses, grinders, and saws, an annual refresher is defensible. New employee training before first operation is non-negotiable.

If you need to get your program on paper fast, SafetyFolio's safety program generator can build a machine-guarding program document in about 15 minutes, which gives you the written baseline OSHA expects to see during an inspection.

For supervisors overseeing machine operations, OSHA 30 training covers hazard recognition in a way that translates directly to the kind of pre-shift walk-around that catches guarding problems before an inspector does.

What is the relationship between machine guarding and lockout/tagout?

These two standards are the most closely linked pair in manufacturing safety, and mixing them up causes real problems.

Machine guarding (29 CFR 1910.212) is about protection during normal operation. The guard is supposed to be in place while the machine runs. Lockout/tagout (29 CFR 1910.147) governs what happens when the guard has to come off, specifically during servicing, maintenance, cleaning, and jam clearing. ^[6]

The practical rule: if the machine is running or could start, guarding standards apply. If the machine must be de-energized to work on it, 29 CFR 1910.147 applies. Both apply in the transition zone, the moment a worker removes a guard to service the machine and then reinstalls it before restart.

OSHA citation data shows that employers with guarding violations often carry lockout violations too, because the same management failure (workers removing guards without a formal process) creates both. A guard missing because maintenance took it off and forgot to put it back is a guarding violation and probably a lockout violation at the same time.

The interaction has one sharp edge. 29 CFR 1910.147(a)(2)(ii) excludes from lockout/tagout requirements work on cord-and-plug equipment where unplugging the cord controls all energy and the plug stays in the worker's possession. ^[6] That exclusion does not touch the guarding requirements on that equipment. A bench grinder you unplug before changing the wheel still needs its guards reinstalled before you plug it back in.

See our full lockout tagout guide for the written program, periodic inspection, and certification requirements that run parallel to your machine guarding program.

How do you document a machine guarding inspection so it holds up if OSHA visits?

Documentation does two things. First, it forces the inspection to actually happen instead of living as a mental note. Second, it shows good faith to an OSHA compliance officer, which can be the difference between a willful citation (you knew and did nothing) and a serious one (you had a program and missed something).

A machine guarding inspection log does not need to be elaborate. It needs:

• Date of inspection
• Name of the person who performed it
• Each machine inspected (by asset number or location, more than "the grinder")
• Each guarding item checked and its condition (pass/fail or a short note)
• Any deficiency found, plus the corrective action assigned, to whom, and by what date
• Signature of the inspector and the supervisor who reviewed it

Keep completed logs for at least three years. OSHA can look back three years during an inspection, and inspectors often ask to see maintenance and inspection records for that same period during a wall-to-wall inspection. ^[7]

One documentation mistake small shops make: writing "all OK" on every line without specifying what was checked. If OSHA finds a guard violation and your log shows "all OK" two weeks earlier, that reads as either a false record or proof you did not actually look. Be specific. "Work rest gap: 1/8 inch, pass." "Blade guard adjusted to material, pass."

Photographs are not required, but a quick phone photo of a deficiency before and after the repair is the kind of evidence that shuts down a dispute fast.

What should a written machine guarding program for a small shop include?

OSHA does not explicitly require a written machine guarding program the way it requires written lockout/tagout and hazard communication programs. But a written program is the fastest way to prove you have a system, and it protects you when a worker bypasses a guard and gets hurt.

A workable written program for a small shop has six sections:

1. Scope. Which machines are covered, listed by type and location.

2. Guarding requirements by machine. A brief description of the guard required on each machine, matched to the applicable CFR standard. This is where the checklist table from your inspection turns into policy.

3. Guard inspection procedure. Frequency (pre-shift operator check, monthly supervisor check), what to look for, and how to document findings.

4. Deficiency reporting and correction. What happens when a guard is missing or broken. Specifically: the machine goes out of service (tagged out, if needed) until the guard is restored, and who is authorized to return it to service.

5. Training requirements. Who gets trained, when (before first operation, and on any new machine), what the training covers, and how completion is documented.

6. Guard removal authorization. A formal process for when guards must come off for maintenance, tied directly to the lockout/tagout program.

The whole document for a 10-machine shop fits on four or five pages. It does not need legal language. It needs to be specific enough that a new supervisor could read it and know exactly what to check and what to do when something is wrong.

For shops that also need a hazard communication program, an electrical safety program, and a respiratory protection program alongside machine guarding, writing each one from scratch is tedious. That is the exact problem SafetyFolio's generator is built to solve.

Are there any machine guarding exemptions or variances for small businesses?

No categorical exemption exists. OSHA's standards apply to all private-sector employers regardless of size. The small employer size factor reduces penalty amounts (as noted above) but does not reduce the obligation to comply.

Variances are theoretically available under Section 6(d) of the OSH Act. An employer can apply for one if it can show its alternative method protects workers at least as well as the standard requires. In practice, variances are rarely granted, take months to process, and require proving that compliance with the existing standard is infeasible or that the alternative is technically superior. ^[8] For a small shop, the cost of chasing a variance almost always beats the cost of just putting the guard on.

One practical nuance: OSHA letters of interpretation clarify how standards apply to specific situations. If you have a genuine question about whether a particular machine configuration meets 29 CFR 1910.212 or a machine-specific standard, you can request a letter of interpretation from OSHA's Directorate of Standards and Guidance. The agency publishes its interpretation letters on OSHA.gov, and searching the existing letters often surfaces guidance for your exact situation without filing a formal request. ^[9]

State-plan states (29 of them as of 2024, covering public and private sectors) must maintain machine guarding standards at least as effective as federal OSHA's. Some, like California's Cal/OSHA, add requirements or enforce differently, so check the details if you operate there. ^[10]

What are the first five things to fix in a shop that has never done a formal guarding audit?

If you have never systematically looked at machine guarding in your shop, start here, ordered by citation frequency and injury severity.

1. Walk every power transmission component below seven feet. Belts, chains, gears, exposed shafts. If you can touch it during normal work, it needs a guard. This is the highest-frequency citation and the easiest to fix with sheet metal and fasteners.

2. Check every bench grinder. Measure the work rest gap with a ruler. If it is more than 1/8 inch, adjust it now. Check the tongue guard too. This takes five minutes and eliminates a citation inspectors look for specifically.

3. Confirm your table saw has a spreader/riving knife and anti-kickback pawls. These get removed constantly. If the spreader is sitting in a drawer because "it gets in the way," that is a citation and a kickback waiting to happen.

4. Audit drill press chuck guards. If your shop runs production drilling, the chuck guards need to be on and positioned correctly. If a machine goes guard-free because operators dislike the guard, that is a training and enforcement problem more than an equipment problem.

5. Write a single-page deficiency reporting process. Workers who find a missing guard need to know what to do. If the answer is "tell a supervisor and lock out the machine," write that down, post it, and reinforce it. This closes the loop between finding a problem and fixing it.

None of those five steps require spending money on new equipment. They require looking, measuring, and enforcing what is already supposed to be in place. Once the basics are solid, move to the machine-specific standards for your highest-hazard equipment and build from there.

Frequently asked questions

What is the OSHA standard number for machine guarding?

The general machine guarding standard is 29 CFR 1910.212. It applies to all machines not covered by a machine-specific standard. Machine-specific rules include 29 CFR 1910.213 (woodworking), 29 CFR 1910.215 (abrasive wheels), 29 CFR 1910.217 (mechanical power presses), and 29 CFR 1910.219 (power transmission). When a specific standard exists, it applies instead of 1910.212, though 1910.212 can still cover hazards the specific rule does not address.

How often does OSHA require machine guarding inspections?

29 CFR 1910.212 does not specify an inspection frequency. Machine-specific standards do: mechanical power presses under 1910.217 require a weekly inspection of guarding devices. For equipment under the general standard, daily pre-shift operator checks and monthly formal documented inspections are the industry norm and what most OSHA compliance officers expect to see as evidence of an active program.

Can a worker remove a machine guard to speed up a job?

No. 29 CFR 1910.212 requires guards to be in place during machine operation. A worker who removes a guard and is then injured may be found partially at fault under workers' compensation rules, but the employer remains liable for the OSHA violation. Employers must also actively enforce the rule: a sign saying 'do not remove guards' is not enough if supervisors routinely allow it.

What is the maximum fine for a machine guarding violation in 2024?

For penalties assessed after January 15, 2024, the maximum for a serious violation is $16,131. A willful or repeat violation can reach $161,323. Small employers with 25 or fewer workers receive a 60% reduction on the base penalty, but OSHA can assess separate violations for each machine or each unguarded hazard, so total penalties add up fast even after the small-employer reduction.

Does machine guarding apply to CNC machines and automated equipment?

Yes. CNC machines, robotic cells, and automated equipment all fall under 29 CFR 1910.212 and, where applicable, machine-specific standards. They also frequently trigger OSHA's robot safety guidance and ANSI/RIA R15.06. Common issues include inadequate perimeter guarding around robotic work cells, no interlocked access doors, and no documented safeguarding risk assessment. An interlocked perimeter fence is the typical solution for robotic cells.

What is the work rest requirement for a bench grinder?

29 CFR 1910.215(a)(4) requires work rests on offhand grinding machines to be adjusted as close to the wheel as possible, not to exceed 1/8 inch. The tongue guard (also called the safety piece or upper peripheral guard) must be adjusted within 1/4 inch of the wheel. As the wheel wears down in diameter, both gaps widen and must be readjusted. This is one of the most frequently cited grinder violations.

Do machine guarding rules apply to hand-held power tools?

Partially. 29 CFR 1910.212 applies to machines, not portable hand tools. Hand-held tools have their own standard under 29 CFR 1910.242 and tool-specific rules (for example, 1910.243 covers portable circular saws, grinders, and drills). Guard requirements still exist: a portable circular saw must have a lower guard that automatically returns to cover the blade, and portable grinders must have wheel guards that cover at least half the wheel.

What counts as a 'point of operation' for OSHA guarding purposes?

OSHA defines the point of operation as the area of a machine where work is actually performed on the material, specifically where cutting, shaping, boring, or forming takes place. This is distinct from power transmission components like belts, gears, and shafts. Both require guarding under 29 CFR 1910.212, but the point-of-operation hazard is usually the harder one to guard because the operator needs access to feed material.

What documentation should I keep for machine guarding compliance?

Keep completed inspection logs (date, inspector, machines checked, findings, corrective actions) for at least three years. Keep training records showing who was trained, on which machines, and when. For mechanical power presses, 29 CFR 1910.217 requires specific records on guarding device inspections. Written machine-specific procedures and your guarding program document should be retained for as long as the equipment is in service.

Does OSHA require a written machine guarding program?

29 CFR 1910.212 does not explicitly require a written program, unlike lockout/tagout (1910.147) or hazard communication (1910.1200). But a written program is the most effective way to document your guarding system, establish accountability for inspections, and show good faith during an OSHA inspection. Machine-specific standards like 29 CFR 1910.217 for power presses do require documented procedures and records.

Can OSHA cite machine guarding violations under the general duty clause instead of 1910.212?

Yes. If a guarding hazard exists on a machine type not covered by a specific standard, OSHA can cite Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act (the general duty clause) in addition to or instead of 1910.212. General duty citations require OSHA to show that a recognized hazard existed, the employer knew about it, and a feasible means of abatement was available. They carry the same penalty structure as standards-based citations.

How is machine guarding different from personal protective equipment for machine hazards?

Machine guards are engineering controls that eliminate or contain the hazard at the source. PPE like face shields, cut-resistant gloves, and safety glasses is a last-resort control worn by the worker. OSHA's hierarchy of controls places engineering controls above PPE. A guard on a grinder is required regardless of whether the operator wears a face shield. PPE supplements guarding but never substitutes for it.

What is an ingoing nip point and where do you find them in a small shop?

A nip point is the hazardous area where two or more parts move together, creating a pinching or drawing-in risk. Classic locations: where a belt meets a pulley, where two counter-rotating rollers meet on a feed device, or where a chain engages a sprocket. Nip-point injuries tend to be severe (degloving, amputation) because once the hand is drawn in, the machine pulls it further. All nip points require guarding under 29 CFR 1910.212 and 1910.219.

What should I do if a machine guard is damaged and the machine is still in production?

Take the machine out of service immediately. A damaged guard that does not fully protect the hazard zone is treated the same as no guard for OSHA purposes. Tag the machine out of service, notify maintenance, and document the deficiency and the time it was taken out of service. Return the machine to production only after the guard is repaired or replaced and inspected. This is the procedure your written program should specify.

Sources

1. OSHA, Top 10 Most Cited Standards FY2023: 29 CFR 1910.212 was the seventh most-cited standard in FY2023 with 1,644 citations
2. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses: Cases Involving Days Away From Work: Contact with objects and equipment accounted for roughly 23% of nonfatal injuries with days away from work; amputations have a median of 31 days away
3. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart O: Machinery and Machine Guarding: 29 CFR 1910.212(a)(1) requires one or more methods of machine guarding to protect operators from point-of-operation, nip points, rotating parts, and flying chips; 1910.212(b) requires anchoring of fixed machines; specific standards 1910.213, 1910.215, 1910.217, 1910.219 cover named machine types
4. OSHA, Machine Guarding eTool: OSHA describes five types of machine guards: fixed, interlocked, adjustable, self-adjusting, and devices; monthly formal inspections are consistent with compliance guidance
5. OSHA, Penalties: Maximum penalty for a serious violation assessed after January 15, 2024 is $16,131; willful or repeat violations can reach $161,323; small employer size reductions of 40-60% apply
6. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.147: The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout): 1910.147 governs energy control during servicing and maintenance; 1910.147(a)(2)(ii) provides cord-and-plug exception when plug stays in worker's possession
7. OSHA, Recordkeeping Rule 29 CFR 1904: OSHA 300 logs must be retained for five years; OSHA can review records going back three years during inspections
8. OSHA, Standard Interpretations: OSHA publishes letters of interpretation clarifying how standards apply to specific situations; employers can request one from the Directorate of Standards and Guidance
9. OSHA, State Plans: 29 state plans as of 2024 must maintain standards at least as effective as federal OSHA; some states like California have additional requirements
10. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.215: Abrasive Wheel Machinery: 1910.215(a)(4) requires work rests to be no more than 1/8 inch from the wheel; tongue guard must be within 1/4 inch of the wheel
11. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.217: Mechanical Power Presses: 1910.217(f)(2) requires operators to be trained on hazards of each press operation and proper use of guarding devices